Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Figure 4.
![Pulmonary function test indicated that the patient was considered to present obstructive ventilation dysfunction. The tidal volume was normal (7.2 ml/kg). Time to peak tidal expiratory flow as a proportion of expiratory time [TPTEF/TE(%)] was 20.4% (normal range: 28%–55%), and volume to peak expiratory flow as a proportion of exhaled volume [VPEF/VE (%)] was 22% (normal range: 28%–55%).](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/653aabf7d5e1060ee4c75a2a/j_abm-2023-0066_fig_004.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKPQ2IEZOL%2F20251216%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251216T030510Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEJP%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJGMEQCIB2NgGb%2FAaPxm7kBsOcIioWT5Uk1kxnYKr0FdqKtFMrPAiBj4wZw1ne3uYmZ7b9JAfJUN7I%2Bp%2B2jw6dvJLe0X4j8zSq8BQhcEAIaDDk2MzEzNDI4OTk0MCIMgmgzvb1zLskx6rhIKpkFUi8V3ajYS0Cbx5BTXdIcEnYh9dHqtcIVykc6XsTWdQbPXBytqTp9wK%2Fy8fdDZ1TdkfGIZGb%2F0aLWpqIpLwMvekzGg60nasyjSLPIcWftngMZ3XatVy5oCT3pGf%2Ft4LiCZxHpoXHXoixp6dYhfQHPMz9lY1xPwdtsZRKFzDrmJMvbpkBXteWfUaijHHRaVq7Td%2F383H%2BniJ86uSeOK1cTW241N7%2F7moC0nf%2F5HPN3CLFYzu13G4V5oRgxOMRj7SYwI2ydc2XeOckgUZ%2F3VQtx6vp05P9BOlqtRTZsT4cqV%2FFaBEtv0Z1WgZkEw7JJ5j6sS6qrxK%2FzVE6Lz1wEx44wjzNHXkLWoEqjgxv%2BDheReUrQQad3wkobZKRi%2FXDbaWwesVJFMZrvaqg7Kk3VJccYSXwUe4V2WCgKAXwu9HMYZqdrQEh5mNjTtqnuvKStxZQA7dI%2FKKCjSiE6Mvaa0qENuL4p7FZnrPTUdsWahr2PH%2FYVR0qJlDQ9I3BbdbgxWxVgbjOQi%2FnTj98WAT%2B0DYUBeWuW39Pk%2F3ir2wW%2F5k26HgXibaSsrawu%2BNJLXlMsd%2F6mBLrMSPl3ay7oD%2BWgUJoqUqyGieriMe3SkyrN8RQPS5mUavaPVkD9Kv8PezuIv0R%2BR4T35%2BAPvXsDPZMADA7Xq24p9ICoFevOElhUkMqNZWcyRpposmbaqlhFM7oJe62%2ByVzSphALexTw278c3UIqa7wftKQB%2FWUBa6xZOc2mQNXsx5vG88FXzg%2BQAW8SNjvurcB1A9Bwh3jTgY5GLgILabr0ubnjxlo57LKBdJQtBTV4vyQjpT9QG0eq9%2FXTANxmXO%2FDDC8EnatLhDQM41Oxpi4fgvBfB2K3MFg9Lou8h3TMvAsjqBC92XQwiY2DygY6sgH9l3WY2nU1p3E%2BOezanmp1ZBzpmgvje7UQCFwPi45zlSMdu53%2B2GOFYGJbzrN7FuNNrdhlpre4F0hdgdC0rU8U%2FfUnpgFoxJwknvGenK%2BoV6FvBNnxI%2FKb%2FXEoK8MSptqjsBwFS1fiD2k043uZ6E18GjyZWxDwyH56OXdGx%2FL77gU8ltTjL9TsqUBNjD5qrdpDY%2F5X9pHCTu3sfUxGraq9kh26T6XI9K6oYh3AcSjw71oT&X-Amz-Signature=03c6bdaf85e7ee6c70d59805682fbce45fb8aac31023c36cd509d8993797e0de&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)



![Pulmonary function test indicated that the patient was considered to present obstructive ventilation dysfunction. The tidal volume was normal (7.2 ml/kg). Time to peak tidal expiratory flow as a proportion of expiratory time [TPTEF/TE(%)] was 20.4% (normal range: 28%–55%), and volume to peak expiratory flow as a proportion of exhaled volume [VPEF/VE (%)] was 22% (normal range: 28%–55%).](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/653aabf7d5e1060ee4c75a2a/j_abm-2023-0066_fig_004.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKPQ2IEZOL%2F20251216%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251216T030510Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEJP%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJGMEQCIB2NgGb%2FAaPxm7kBsOcIioWT5Uk1kxnYKr0FdqKtFMrPAiBj4wZw1ne3uYmZ7b9JAfJUN7I%2Bp%2B2jw6dvJLe0X4j8zSq8BQhcEAIaDDk2MzEzNDI4OTk0MCIMgmgzvb1zLskx6rhIKpkFUi8V3ajYS0Cbx5BTXdIcEnYh9dHqtcIVykc6XsTWdQbPXBytqTp9wK%2Fy8fdDZ1TdkfGIZGb%2F0aLWpqIpLwMvekzGg60nasyjSLPIcWftngMZ3XatVy5oCT3pGf%2Ft4LiCZxHpoXHXoixp6dYhfQHPMz9lY1xPwdtsZRKFzDrmJMvbpkBXteWfUaijHHRaVq7Td%2F383H%2BniJ86uSeOK1cTW241N7%2F7moC0nf%2F5HPN3CLFYzu13G4V5oRgxOMRj7SYwI2ydc2XeOckgUZ%2F3VQtx6vp05P9BOlqtRTZsT4cqV%2FFaBEtv0Z1WgZkEw7JJ5j6sS6qrxK%2FzVE6Lz1wEx44wjzNHXkLWoEqjgxv%2BDheReUrQQad3wkobZKRi%2FXDbaWwesVJFMZrvaqg7Kk3VJccYSXwUe4V2WCgKAXwu9HMYZqdrQEh5mNjTtqnuvKStxZQA7dI%2FKKCjSiE6Mvaa0qENuL4p7FZnrPTUdsWahr2PH%2FYVR0qJlDQ9I3BbdbgxWxVgbjOQi%2FnTj98WAT%2B0DYUBeWuW39Pk%2F3ir2wW%2F5k26HgXibaSsrawu%2BNJLXlMsd%2F6mBLrMSPl3ay7oD%2BWgUJoqUqyGieriMe3SkyrN8RQPS5mUavaPVkD9Kv8PezuIv0R%2BR4T35%2BAPvXsDPZMADA7Xq24p9ICoFevOElhUkMqNZWcyRpposmbaqlhFM7oJe62%2ByVzSphALexTw278c3UIqa7wftKQB%2FWUBa6xZOc2mQNXsx5vG88FXzg%2BQAW8SNjvurcB1A9Bwh3jTgY5GLgILabr0ubnjxlo57LKBdJQtBTV4vyQjpT9QG0eq9%2FXTANxmXO%2FDDC8EnatLhDQM41Oxpi4fgvBfB2K3MFg9Lou8h3TMvAsjqBC92XQwiY2DygY6sgH9l3WY2nU1p3E%2BOezanmp1ZBzpmgvje7UQCFwPi45zlSMdu53%2B2GOFYGJbzrN7FuNNrdhlpre4F0hdgdC0rU8U%2FfUnpgFoxJwknvGenK%2BoV6FvBNnxI%2FKb%2FXEoK8MSptqjsBwFS1fiD2k043uZ6E18GjyZWxDwyH56OXdGx%2FL77gU8ltTjL9TsqUBNjD5qrdpDY%2F5X9pHCTu3sfUxGraq9kh26T6XI9K6oYh3AcSjw71oT&X-Amz-Signature=03c6bdaf85e7ee6c70d59805682fbce45fb8aac31023c36cd509d8993797e0de&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
© 2023 Ling Lu, Sujuan Hu, Gaoyan Wang, Rong Jin, Renzheng Guan, Fengjing Cui, Zhenghai Qu, Dongyun Liu, published by Chulalongkorn University
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.