Table 1.
Clinical and biochemical parameters of normotensive and HELLP patients
| Clinical features | Normotensive Median (min–max) | HELLP Median (min–max) |
|---|---|---|
| Age | 32 (29–35) | 32 (30–37) |
| Gravida | 2 (0–4) | 4 (2–5) |
| Parity | 1 (0–3) | 5 (2–7) |
| Gestation week | 38 (37–39) | 38 (38–40) |
| Systolic BP | 95 (88–105) | 205 (153–233) |
| Diastolic BP | 75 (65–90) | 98 (90–111) |
| Hemoglobin | 13 (12–14) | 12 (8–13) |
| Platelet | 265 (135–355) | 154 (133–274) |
| Glucose | 88 (70–98) | 92 (83–110) |
| Urea | 15 (11–18) | 34 (23–52) |
| Creatinine | 0.45 (0.40–0.52) | 0.59 (0.51–0.70) |
| ALT | 10 (6–18) | 14 (9–60) |
| AST | 19 (10–36) | 26 (20–333) |
| 24 h-urine protein | 157 (110–195) | 1,105 (889–1,245) |
[i] HELLP, hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet count.
Figure 1.
CD68 immune stained images of normotensive (A, B) and HELLP (C, D). Arrowhead: Hoffbauer cells Bar: 50 μm in (A) and (C), 20 μm in (B) and (D). HELLP, hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet count.
Figure 2.
The percentage of Hoffbauer cells per villus in the normotensive and HELLP group placentas. *: stands for statistical difference between groups (*P < 0.001). HELLP, hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet count.
Figure 3.
Ultrastrucutural placenta section of HELLP group. Degenerative structure (blue arrow) in cell surface membrane, intracytoplasmic edema, and degenerative vacuoles (yellow arrow) in syncytiotrophoblast(lead nitrate-uranyl acetate, Bar: 20,000 nm). HELLP, hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet count.