Table 1.
Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics
| TTN-PPHN (n = 23) | Severe TTN (n = 59) | |
|---|---|---|
| Maternal factors | ||
| Cesarean section | 22 (95.7) | 51 (86.4) |
| Gestational diabetes | 3 (13) | 4 (6.8) |
| Maternal asthma | 1 (4.3) | 1 (1.7) |
| PIH | 0 (0) | 9 (15.3) |
| Neonatal factors | ||
| GA (weeks) | 36.5 ± 1.5 | 36 ± 2.3 |
| Male | 12 (52.2) | 34 (57.6) |
| Birth weight (g) | 2825 ± 517 | 2668 ± 727 |
| Apgar score at 1 min | 8 (8–8.5) | 8 (6–8) |
| Apgar score at 5 min | 9 (9–9) | 9 (8–9) |
| PPV | 2 (8.7) | 20 (33.9) |
| Creatinine – 24 h (mg/dL) | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.2 |
| Creatinine – 48 h (mg/dL) | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 0.7 ± 0.2 |
| Respiratory parameters at the time of admission | ||
| RR (breaths/min) | 72 (69–80) | 66 (63–73) |
| SpO2 (%) | 88 (85–91.5) | 90 (89–95) |
| MAP (cmH2O) | 8 (7.7–9) | 7 (7–8) |
| OI | 6.5 (4.2–14.3) | 3.1 (2.1–5.1) |
| Arterial blood gas results | ||
| pH | 7.3 (7.2–7.3) | 7.3 (7.3–7.4) |
| PCO2 | 42.9 ± 10.5 | 38.1 ± 10.2 |
| PaO2 | 62 (50.5–115) | 93 (65–132) |
[i] The results are expressed as n (%), mean ± SD, or median (IQR).
[ii] GA, gestational age; IQR, interquartile range; MAP, mean airway pressure; OI, oxygen index; PaO2, partial pressure of oxygen; PCO2, partial pressure of carbon dioxide; PIH, pregnancy-induced hypertension; PPHN, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn; PPHN, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn; PPV, positive pressure ventilation; RR, respiratory rate; SD, standard deviation; SpO2, oxygen saturation; TTN, transient tachypnea of the newborn.
Table 2.
Univariate and multivariate analyses of the factors between infants diagnosed with TTN-PPHN (n = 23) and infants with severe TTN (n = 59)
| Variable | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude OR | 95% CI | P | Adjusted OR | 95% CI | P | |
| Received PPV, no vs. yes | 5.38 | 1.15–25.29 | 0.01 | 9.96 | 2.1–47.29 | <0.001 |
| RR ≥70 breaths/min | 4.43 | 1.52–12.9 | 0.004 | |||
| SpO2≤90% | 3.21 | 1.18–8.72 | 0.02 | |||
| MAP ≥8 cmH2O | 3.90 | 1.34–11.35 | 0.009 | 29.22 | 4.46–191.23 | <0.001 |
| OI ≥10 | 11.57 | 2.76–48.49 | <0.001 | |||
| PaO2≤60 mmHg | 5.61 | 1.85–17.0 | 0.002 | |||
| PCO2≥45 mmHg | 3.06 | 1.12–8.32 | 0.03 | |||
[i] CI, confidence interval; MAP, mean airway pressure; OI, oxygen index; PaO2, partial pressure of oxygen; PCO2, partial pressure of carbon dioxide; PPHN, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn; PPV, positive pressure ventilation; RR, respiratory rate; SpO2, oxygen saturation; TTN, transient tachypnea of the newborn.
Table 3.
Comparison of neontal outcomes between infants diagnosed with TTN-PPHN and infants with severe TTN
| Outcomes | TTN-PPHN (n = 23) | Severe TTN (n = 59) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pneumothorax | 4 (17.4) | 2 (3.4) | 0.04 |
| VAP | 5 (21.7) | 2 (3.4) | 0.01 |
| Inotropic 2 agents | 21 (91.3) | 12 (20.3) | <0.001 |
| Ventilator days | 7 (5–11.5) | 2 (1–3) | <0.001 |
| Oxygen days | 10 (9–16) | 3 (2–5.5) | <0.001 |
| LOS (d) | 15 (12.2–18.8) | 8 (6–11) | <0.001 |
| Hospital cost (US$) | 311.4 ±97.9 | 160.3 ±57.5 | <0.001 |
[i] The results are expressed as n (%), mean ± SD, or median (IQR).
[ii] IQR, interquartile range; LOS, length of hospital stay; PPHN, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn; SD, standard deviation; TTN, transient tachypnea of the newborn; VAP, ventilator-associated pneumonia.