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Effects of hepatitis B vaccination on hepatitis B surface antigen in neonates and its change in vivo Cover

Effects of hepatitis B vaccination on hepatitis B surface antigen in neonates and its change in vivo

Asian Biomedicine
Volume 16 (2022): Issue 5 (October 2022)
By: Shuqi Wang,  Yuting Bai,  Fangyuan Yuan,  Ting Wang,  Wenyi Luo,  Can Luo,  Qiang Wang and  Dongsheng Wang  
Open Access
|Jun 2023

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Newborn HBsAg status (black bars, positive; gray bars, negative) grouped by maternal HBsAg status. ***P < 0.01 (Fisher exact test). HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen.
Newborn HBsAg status (black bars, positive; gray bars, negative) grouped by maternal HBsAg status. ***P < 0.01 (Fisher exact test). HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen.

Figure 2.

The proportion of neonatal HBsAg positives (mother with negative HBsAg) at various maternal anti-HBs concentrations (solid circles, <10 IU/mL; solid squares, 10–99 IU/mL; solid triangles, ≥100 IU/mL) and with days between vaccination and blood collection. Within 7 d of vaccination, among newborns with negative anti-HBs, the proportion of those (positive rate) of HBsAg was close to or >50%, while that for mothers with low and high levels of anti-HBs was <50%. Anti-HBs, hepatitis B surface antibodies; HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen.
The proportion of neonatal HBsAg positives (mother with negative HBsAg) at various maternal anti-HBs concentrations (solid circles, <10 IU/mL; solid squares, 10–99 IU/mL; solid triangles, ≥100 IU/mL) and with days between vaccination and blood collection. Within 7 d of vaccination, among newborns with negative anti-HBs, the proportion of those (positive rate) of HBsAg was close to or >50%, while that for mothers with low and high levels of anti-HBs was <50%. Anti-HBs, hepatitis B surface antibodies; HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen.

Figure 3.

The proportion of neonates positive for HBsAg and the average concentration of HBsAg in neonates (gray ≤0.06 IU/mL; black bars >0.06 IU/mL) after vaccination (solid circles). Neonates continued to appear positive for HBsAg 1–8 d after vaccination; the highest proportion was found on the second day after vaccination, and then the proportion gradually decreased with time. HBsAg, Hepatitis B surface antigen.
The proportion of neonates positive for HBsAg and the average concentration of HBsAg in neonates (gray ≤0.06 IU/mL; black bars >0.06 IU/mL) after vaccination (solid circles). Neonates continued to appear positive for HBsAg 1–8 d after vaccination; the highest proportion was found on the second day after vaccination, and then the proportion gradually decreased with time. HBsAg, Hepatitis B surface antigen.

Figure 4.

(A) HBsAg status after various concentrations of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine were added to anti-HBs (−) serum. (B) HBsAg results after various concentrations of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine were added to anti-HBs (+) serum. When the recombinant hepatitis B vaccine was not added to the serum, the HBsAg levels in both groups were ≤0.06 IU/mL. When the concentration of vaccine in serum was 0.5 ng/mL, 1 ng/mL, or 2 ng/mL, only 2 instances were HBsAg positive in the anti-HBs-negative group. When the concentration of vaccine in serum was 5 ng/mL, the HBsAg status in the anti-HBs negative group was all positive, while the proportion of HBsAg positives in the anti-HBs-positive group was 84.6%, and the average concentration of HBsAg in the anti-HBs negative group was higher than that in the anti-HBs-positive group. When the concentration of vaccine in serum was 10 ng/mL, the HBsAg status in the 2 groups was positive. Similarly, the average concentration of HBsAg in the anti-HBs negative group was higher than that in the anti-HBs-positive group. Anti-HBs, hepatitis B surface antibodies; HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen.
(A) HBsAg status after various concentrations of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine were added to anti-HBs (−) serum. (B) HBsAg results after various concentrations of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine were added to anti-HBs (+) serum. When the recombinant hepatitis B vaccine was not added to the serum, the HBsAg levels in both groups were ≤0.06 IU/mL. When the concentration of vaccine in serum was 0.5 ng/mL, 1 ng/mL, or 2 ng/mL, only 2 instances were HBsAg positive in the anti-HBs-negative group. When the concentration of vaccine in serum was 5 ng/mL, the HBsAg status in the anti-HBs negative group was all positive, while the proportion of HBsAg positives in the anti-HBs-positive group was 84.6%, and the average concentration of HBsAg in the anti-HBs negative group was higher than that in the anti-HBs-positive group. When the concentration of vaccine in serum was 10 ng/mL, the HBsAg status in the 2 groups was positive. Similarly, the average concentration of HBsAg in the anti-HBs negative group was higher than that in the anti-HBs-positive group. Anti-HBs, hepatitis B surface antibodies; HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen.

Figure 5.

In the anti-HBs (+) group, the correlation between HBsAg and anti-HBs was analyzed when the concentration of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine was 10 ng/mL. Pearson correlation analysis was performed on the anti-HBs detection results in the serum without recombinant hepatitis B vaccine and the HBsAg detection results after the addition of the hepatitis B vaccine. The Pearson correlation, r = −0.658, P < 0.014, indicates that the original anti-HBs concentration in the serum is negatively correlated with the HBsAg levels after adding the same amount of vaccine. Anti-HBs, hepatitis B surface antibodies; HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen.
In the anti-HBs (+) group, the correlation between HBsAg and anti-HBs was analyzed when the concentration of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine was 10 ng/mL. Pearson correlation analysis was performed on the anti-HBs detection results in the serum without recombinant hepatitis B vaccine and the HBsAg detection results after the addition of the hepatitis B vaccine. The Pearson correlation, r = −0.658, P < 0.014, indicates that the original anti-HBs concentration in the serum is negatively correlated with the HBsAg levels after adding the same amount of vaccine. Anti-HBs, hepatitis B surface antibodies; HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen.

HBsAg and anti-HBs levels after 1417 newborns were vaccinated with the hepatitis B vaccine

HBsAgNumber of newbornsAnti-HBs
<10 mIU/mL (%)10–99 mIU/mL (%)≥100 mIU/mL (%)
≤ 0.06 IU/mL1111229 (20.6)259 (23.3)623 (56.1)
>0.06 IU/mL306204 (66.7)69 (22.6)33 (10.8)

HBsAg after the recombinant hepatitis B vaccine was added to the serum samples

Vaccine (ng/mL)Group
Anti-HBs (−)Anti-HBs (+)
Positive number (proportion)HBsAg (IU/mL) mean (range)Positive number (proportion)HBsAg (IU/mL) mean (range)
0.52 (15.4%)NA0 (0)NA
12 (15.4%)NA0 (0)NA
22 (15.4%)NA0 (0)NA
513 (100%)0.132 (0.122–0.143)***11 (84.6%)0.103 (0.079–0.111)
1013 (100%)2.210 (2.02–2.22)*13 (100%)1.87 (1.32–2.08)

HBsAg and the distribution of anti-HBs in neonates with different concentrations of anti-HBs in the mothers

NewbornMaternal anti-HBs (mIU/mL)
<10 (%)10–99 (%)≥100 (%)
Number225167265
HBsAg-positive rate (%)***61.3325.159.34
Anti-HBs <10 mIU/mL193 (85.8)8 (4.8)4 (1.5)
10.00 IU/mL ≤ anti-HBs ≤ 99 IU/mL24 (10.7)133 (79.5)5 (1.9)
Anti-HBs ≥ 100 mIU/mL8 (3.6)26 (15.7)256 (96.6)

HBsAg distribution at different blood collection times after 1417 neonates were vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine

Interval (days)Number of newbornsNumber of newborns (%)HBsAg (IU/mL) mean (range)
HBsAg ≤0.06 IU/mLHBsAg >0.06 IU/mL
1375283 (75.47)92 (24.53)0.188 (0.106–0.312)
2205118 (57.56)87 (42.44)0.222 (0.110–0.405)
3207145 (70.05)62 (29.95)0.178 (0.099–0.346)
4147109 (74.15)38 (25.85)0.209 (0.123–0.338)
59176 (83.52)15 (16.48)0.117 (0.095–0.188)
65546 (83.64)9 (16.36)0.088 (0.083–0.120)
74543 (95.56)2 (4.44)–
82928 (96.55)1 (3.45)–
9–282632630<0.05
Total141711113060.186 (0.104–0.339)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/abm-2022-0029 | Journal eISSN: 1875-855X | Journal ISSN: 1905-7415
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Language: English
Page range: 265 - 272
Published on: Jun 16, 2023
Published by: Chulalongkorn University
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 6 issues per year
Keywords:
hepatitis B antibodies,
hepatitis B surface antigens,
hepatitis B vaccines,
infant,
newborn
Related subjects:
Medicine,
Assistive professions, nursing,
Basic medical science,
Basic medical science, other,
Clinical medicine,
Clinical medicine, other

© 2023 Shuqi Wang, Yuting Bai, Fangyuan Yuan, Ting Wang, Wenyi Luo, Can Luo, Qiang Wang, Dongsheng Wang, published by Chulalongkorn University
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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