Figure 1
Figure 2
PCR primers used in the present study
| No. | Primer name | Primer | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mecA – F | 5′-TCACCAGGTTCAAC[Y] | [17] |
| 2 | mecA – R | 5′-CCTGAATC[W] | |
| 3 | mecC – F | 5′-GGGTTCAGCCAGATTCATTTGT-3′ | [18] |
| 4 | mecC – R | 5′-GTACTGTTGCTTCGTTCAATGG-3′ | |
| 5 | vanAB – F | 5′-GTAGGCTGCGATATTCAAAGC-3′ | [19] |
| 6 | vanA – R | 5′-CGATTCAATTGCGTAGTCCAA-3′ | |
| 7 | vanB – F | 5′-GCCGACAATCAAATCATCCTC-3′ | |
| 8 | vanC1 – F | 5′-TGGTATTGGTATCAAGGAAACC-3′ | |
| 9 | vanC1 – R | 5′-AGATTGGAGCGCTGTTTTGTC-3′ | |
| 10 | vanC23 – F | 5′-CAGCAGCCATTGGCGTACAA-3′ | |
| 11 | vanC23 – R | 5′-CAAGCAGTTTTTGTAGTAGTTC-3′ | |
| 12 | blaZ – F | 5′-TTCAACACCTGCTGCTTTC-3′ | [20] |
| 13 | blaZ – R | 5′-CACTCTTGGCGGTTTCAC-3′ |
ERIC-PCR cluster analysis, isolate distribution, and methicillin resistance of isolates from Tamil Nadu and Mizoram
| Tamil Nadu | Mizoram | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cluster group | No. of isolates within the cluster | No. of MRSA | Cluster group | No. of isolates within the cluster | No. of MRSA |
| Cluster I | 1 | 1 | Cluster I | 19 | 10 |
| Cluster II | 3 | 1 | Cluster II | 15 | 6 |
| Cluster III | 6 | 3 | Cluster III | 21 | 11 |
| Cluster IV | 1 | 0 | Cluster IV | 23 | 12 |
| Cluster V | 3 | 2 | Cluster V | 5 | 1 |
| Cluster VI | 1 | 1 | Cluster VI | 1 | 1 |
| Cluster VII | 99 | 55 | Cluster VII | 2 | 1 |
| Cluster VIII | 5 | 0 | Cluster VIII | 1 | 1 |
Antibiotic resistance by disk diffusion of isolates from Tamil Nadu and Mizoram
| Antibiotic | Antibiotic class | Antibiotic resistance of isolates from Tamil Nadu | Antibiotic resistance of isolates from Mizoram | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | S | R | S | ||
| Oxacillin | β-lactam | 66 (56) | 53 (45) | 43 (49) | 44 (51) |
| Penicillin | β-lactam | 117 (98) | 2 (2) | 86 (99) | 1 (1) |
| Cefoxitin | β-lactam | 91 (76) | 28 (24) | 70 (81) | 17 (20) |
| Ciprofloxacin | Fluoroquinolone | 98 (82) | 21 (18) | 65 (75) | 22 (25) |
| Levofloxacin | Fluoroquinolone | 66 (56) | 53 (45) | 61 (70) | 26 (30) |
| Ofloxacin | Fluoroquinolone | 75 (63) | 44 (37) | 57 (66) | 30 (35) |
| Tetracycline | Tetracycline | 47 (40) | 72 (61) | 27 (31) | 60 (69) |
| Erythromycin | Macrolide | 104 (87) | 15 (13) | 60 (69) | 27 (31) |
| Clindamycin | Lincosamide | 34 (29) | 85 (71) | 39 (45) | 48 (55) |
| Linezolid | Oxazolidinone | 16 (13) | 103 (87) | 12 (14) | 75 (86) |
| Gentamicin | Aminoglycoside | 73 (61) | 46 (39) | 30 (35) | 57 (66) |