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Serum levels of IL-34 and RANKL in AS, osteoarthritis, and healthy control groups
| Comparison | Variable | Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | P | OR | 95% CI | P | ||
| AS vs. OA | IL-34 | 1.04 | 1.01–1.14 | 0.016 | 0.93 | 0.88–0.99 | 0.016 |
| RANKL | 1.12 | 0.98–1.30 | 0.11 | 0.89 | 0.77–1.02 | 0.10 | |
| Weight | 0.43 | 0.12–1.58 | 0.20 | 0.67 | 0.63–8.57 | 0.20 | |
| Height | 1.17 | 0.57–2.37 | 0.68 | 0.86 | 0.42–1.74 | 0.67 | |
| Age | 0.88 | 0.88–1.00 | 0.06 | 1.14 | 0.999–1.30 | 0.052 | |
| Sex | 3.39 | 0.57–5.29 | 0.36 | 0.54 | 0.09–2.18 | 0.37 | |
| AS vs. Healthy controls | IL-34 | 1.24 | 0.80–1.32 | 0.11 | 0.92 | 0.87–0.98 | 0.007 |
| RANKL | 0.82 | 0.41–1.18 | 0.45 | 0.75 | 0.64–0.89 | 0.001 | |
| Weight | 3.02 | 0.77–5.62 | 0.71 | 1.95 | 0.51–7.49 | 0.33 | |
| Height | 0.69 | 0.23–1.83 | 0.55 | 0.94 | 0.44–2.04 | 0.88 | |
| Age | 0.97 | 0.59–1.21 | 0.11 | 1.17 | 1.01–1.34 | 0.03 | |
| Sex | 0.40 | 0.10–2.18 | 0.36 | 0.51 | 0.03–2.31 | 0.60 | |
Serum IL-34 and RANKL in patients with AS across age groups
| Age (years) | IL-34 (pg/mL) | RANKL (pg/mL) |
|---|---|---|
| 10 to <20 | 874.9 ± 164.5 | 154.0 ± 15.1 |
| 20 to <30 | 977.3 ± 91.2 | 136.4 ± 1.6 |
| 30 to <40 | 841.6 ± 126.1 | 157.6 ± 17.2 |
| 40 to <50 | 887.7 ± 105.2 | 159.7 ± 7.3 |
| 50 to <60 | 861.5 ± 97.0 | 145.7 ± 1.4 |
| 60 to <70 | 893.1 ± 116.4 | 162.0 ± 10.7 |
| 70 to 80 | 829.6 ± 60.5 | 155.8 ± 14.8 |
Serum IL-34 and RANKL in patients with AS across weight categories
| Weight (kg) | IL-34 (pg/mL) | RANKL (pg/mL) |
|---|---|---|
| 40 to >50 | 984.5 ± 76.9 | 156.3 ± 13.6 |
| 50 to >60 | 881.3 ± 123.0 | 154.2 ± 15.5 |
| 60 to >70 | 846.5 ± 101.3 | 154.7 ± 12.7 |
| 70 to 80 | 990.0 ± 116.7 | 168.6 ± 4.2 |
Correlation (rs) between serum IL-34 and RANKL, and clinical data of 40 patients with AS
| Clinical data | IL-34 | RANKL | IL-34† | RANKL† |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RANKL | 0.117 | — | 0.108 | — |
| ESR | −0.056 | 0.206 | −0.052 | 0.220 |
| CRP | 0.023 | 0.194 | 0.037 | 0.210 |
| BASDAI | −0.211 | 0.213 | −0.259 | 0.157 |
| BASFI | −0.294 | –0.089 | −0.285 | −0.149 |
| BASMI | −0.254 | 0.27 | −0.254 | −0.149 |
| MASES | 0.078 | −0.115 | −0.012 | −0.258 |
| ASDAS | −0.274 | 0.281 | −0.293 | 0.243 |
| Night VAS | −0.282 | 0.202 | −0.193 | 0.160 |
Correlation (rs) between IL-34, RANKL, and ultrasonography findings in 40 patients with AS
| Ultrasonography | IL-34 | RANKL | IL-34† | RANKL† |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GUESS | 0.29 | 0.07 | 0.39* | 0.26 |
| Effusion | 0.10 | 0.21 | 0.13 | 0.27 |
| Bone erosion | 0.80** | 0.38* | 0.82** | 0.37* |
| Osteophyte | 0.30 | 0.15 | 0.37* | 0.13 |
| PD | 0.64** | 0.07 | 0.63** | 0.08 |
| Enthesitis | 0.75** | 0.35* | 0.80** | 0.35* |
Characteristics of the participants
| AS (n = 40) | OA (n = 40) | Healthy controls (n = 40) | P | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 44.5 ± 18.8 | 48.5 ± 8.6 | 46.2 ± 17.9 | 0.23 | 0.69 |
| Height (cm) | 164.7 ± 8.3 | 163.3 ± 7.4 | 165.7 ± 7.0 | 0.43 | 0.58 |
| Weight (kg) | 62.5 ± 6.5 | 62.5 ± 5.7 | 63.5 ± 7.0 | 0.96 | 0.53 |
| Male (%) | 40 | 20 | 35 | 0.051 | 0.64 |
| Disease duration (years) | 6.6 ± 6.7 | ||||
| HLA-B27 (%) | 100 | ||||
| ESR (<20 mm/h) | 49.3 ± 27.2 | ||||
| CRP (<8.0 mg/L) | 22.7 ± 16.8 | ||||
| BASDAI | 4.70 ± 0.69 | ||||
| BASFI | 4.75 ± 1.35 | ||||
| MASES | 2.70 ± 1.53 | ||||
| ASDAS | 3.27 ± 0.84 | ||||
| Night VAS score | 5.13 ± 1.74 | ||||
| Clinical presence of enthesitis (%) | 80 | ||||
| (MASES ≥1) Dactylitis (%) | 5 | ||||
| Peripheral arthritis (%) | 65 |