Figure 1
Figure 2
Group 1, patients with an acute neurological event (n = 110)
| Event | Age (years) | Female/male | Dead/alive | COVID-19 disease severity (Mi/Mo/S) | MCCI | Day of neurological evaluation after COVID-19 diagnosis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVE ischemic | 76 ± 9.9 | 12/23 | 17/18 | 15/0/20 | 5.5 ± 1.9 | 6.8 ± 8.3 |
| Seizure | 69.2 ± 12.7 | 8/9 | 9/8 | 8/0/9 | 4.9 ± 1.9 | 8 ± 9.3 |
| Encephalopathy | 74.6 ± 13.1 | 8/6 | 8/6 | 4/1/9 | 6.0 ± 2.9 | 6.5 ± 8.1 |
| Dizziness | 64 ± 20.3 | 4/8 | 2/10 | 9/1/2 | 3.3 ± 2.3 | 8.3 ± 8.8 |
| Headache | 51.2 ± 11.5 | 6/6 | 0/12 | 12/0/0 | 1.7 ± 1.3 | 3.8 ± 2.4 |
| Myopathy/myositis | 55.6 ± 28.5 | 1/3 | 2/2 | 0/1/3 | 2.8 ± 3.1 | 18 ± 16 |
| SAH and CVE hematoma | 60.6 ± 17.4 | 2/3 | 2/3 | 1/0/4 | 2 ± 2.8 | 6.7 ± 6.9 |
| Agitation | 53.5 ± 33.8 | 0/2 | 0/2 | 1/0/1 | 3 ± 4.2 | 37 ± 37 |
| Facial paralysis | 62 ± 1.4 | 1/1 | 0/2 | 1/1/0 | 3 ± 1.4 | 4 ± 4.2 |
| Optic neuropathy | 51.5 ± 23.3 | 1/1 | 0/2 | 1/0/1 | 3 ± 2.8 | 6.5 ± 2.5 |
| Transient undefined | 60.1 ± 18.1 | 3/2 | 0/5 | 3/1/1 | 4.8 ± 2.7 | 18 ± 21.1 |
Laboratory test results for dead and alive patients
| Dead patients (n = 50) | Alive patients (n = 100) | P† | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.8 ± 1.6 | 1.0 ± 1.3 | 0.005 |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 138.2 ± 6.6 | 136.6 ± 5.2 | 0.17 |
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.1 ± 0.7 | 4.2 ± 0.6 | 0.36 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L) | 81.0 ± 154.7 | 38.0 ± 39.2 | 0.06 |
| Alanine aminotransferase (U/L) | 48.4 ± 63.1 | 38.2 ± 38.1 | 0.31 |
| LDH (IU/L) | 578.0 ± 457.6 | 310.2 ± 125.9 | 0.001 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 153.1 ± 88.1 | 82.9 ± 67.1 | <0.001 |
| Procalcitonin | 4.8 ± 13.4 | 0.5 ± 2.5 | 0.03 |
| Ferritin (μg/L) | 1,000.8 ± 771.3 | 572.2 ± 551.9 | 0.003 |
| Creatine kinase (U/L) | 500.8 ± 1,072.0 | 249.2 ± 616.9 | 0.24 |
| White blood cell (cells/μL) | 12,456.2 ± 8,075.3 | 8,467.3 ± 4,228.5 | 0.002 |
| Neutrophils (cells/μL) | 12.1 ± 10.4 | 6.7 ± 4.2 | 0.001 |
| Lymphocytes (cells/μL) | 0.9 ± 1.5 | 1.3 ± 1.42 | 0.73 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 11.7 ± 2.4 | 12.4 ± 2.1 | 0.08 |
| Platelet cell count (cells/μL) | 205,750 ± 888,855 | 255,187 ± 145,525 | 0.01 |
| Prothrombin time (s) | 14.2 ± 2.4 | 13.2 ± 2.9 | 0.052 |
| Partial thromboplastin time (s) | 28.2 ± 7.3 | 27.0 ± 8.5 | 0.41 |
| INR | 1.19 ± 0.2 | 1.09 ± 0.26 | 0.04 |
| Fibrinogen (mg/dL) | 530.5 ± 202.1 | 649.4 ± 773.1 | 0.34 |
| D-dimer (μg/mL) | 2,788.2 ± 4,749.1 | 1,212.8 ± 2,300.9 | 0.03 |
Group 2, patients with progression in neurological disease (n = 40)
| Age (years) | Female/male | Dead/alive | COVID-19 disease severity (Mi/Mo/S) | MCCI | Day of neurological evaluation after COVID-19 diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Deterioration in consciousness | 77.3 ± 9.7 | 5/19 | 8/17 | 12/2/10 | 6.1 ± 1.4 | 7.5 ± 7.2 |
| Epileptic seizure | 59.8 ± 19.3 | 0/5 | 1/4 | 3/0/2 | 4.6 ± 1.9 | 6 ± 3.53 |
| Parkinson disease | 77 ± 8.8 | 1/2 | 0/3 | 1/0/2 | – | 4.5 ± 2.12 |
| Multiple sclerosis | 53.3 ± 16.8 | 2/1 | 1/2 | 2/0/1 | – | 6.3 ± 4.9 |
| Myasthenia gravis | 59.3 ± 1.5 | 1/2 | 0/3 | 1/2/0 | 4 ± 1.4 | 6.5 ± 4.9 |
| Motor neuron disease | 76 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0/0/1 | 6 | 7 |
| Spastic tetraparesis | 35 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 1/0/0 | 0 | 12 |
Demographic data of patients with an acute neurological event (Group 1) and patients with progression or exacerbation of a current neurological condition (Group 2)
| Group 1 (n = 110) | Group 2 (n = 40) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 67.7 ± 16.4 | 70.9 ± 15.0 | 0.28† |
| Female/male | 46/64 | 10/30 | 0.06§ |
| Service/ICU | 57/53 | 21/19 | 0.94§ |