PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA): a narrative review of its biogenesis, function, and emerging role in lung cancer

Mukherjee, Pritha; Bhattacharjee, Shamee; Mandal, Deba Prasad

doi:10.2478/abm-2022-0002

Figures & Tables

Early discoveries related to PIWI proteins and piRNA. piRNA, PIWI-interacting RNA; PIWI, P-element induced wimpy testis protein.

Representation of how the present findings for PIWI proteins or piRNA integrate with the emerging hallmarks of cancer in the case of lung cancer. Turquoise represents positively regulated with the hallmark, while red represents negatively regulated with the hallmark. piRNA, PIWI-interacting RNA; P-element induced wimpy testis protein.

Important discoveries of PIWI/piRNA expression in various cancers†

Year	PIWI/piRNA	Expression	Cancer type	Role
2005	PIWIL2	Upregulated	Testicular seminoma	Inhibition of apoptosis and promotion of proliferation via Stat3/Bcl-X_L signaling pathway [18]
2006	PIWIL1	Upregulated	Human gastric cancer	Cell proliferation [19]
2007	PIWIL1	Upregulated	Soft tissue sarcoma	Stem cell proliferation [20]
2008	PIWIL1	Up/down-regulated	Adenocarcinoma	Poor prognosis and death [21]
2009	PIWIL1	Presence in cytoplasm	Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma	Poor prognosis [22]
2010	PIWIL2	Varied	Cervical neoplasia	Biomarker [23]
2010	PIWIL2	Upregulated	Human breast cancers	Biomarker [24]
2011	PIWIL1	Upregulated	Glioma	Tumor progression, poor outcome, and biomarker [25]
2011	piR-651	Upregulated	Gastric, colon, lung, and breast cancer	Increases cell proliferation [26]
2011	PIWIL1	Upregulated	Colorectal cancer	Leads to poor overall survival, biomarker [27]
2012	piR-823	Downregulated	Gastric cancer	Increases cell proliferation [28]
2012	PIWIL2	Upregulated	Colon cancer	Metastasis [29]
2013	PIWI	Upregulated	Stage III epithelial ovarian cancer	Promotes metastasis, biomarker [30]
2013	piR-932	Upregulated	Breast cancer	Positive regulator of breast cancer stem cells [31]
2014	PIWIL1	Upregulated	Human breast cancer	Cell proliferation [32]
2014	piRNA-823	Upregulated	Multiple myeloma	Regulates angiogenesis [33]
2014	PIWIL1 and PIWIL4	Varied	Renal cell carcinoma	Related to clinicopathological parameters [34]
2014	PIWIL1	Upregulated	Cervical cancer	Promotes chemoresistance [35]
2014	PIWIL1	Upregulated	Hepatocellular carcinoma	Reduces proliferation and migration [36]
2015	piRNA-DQ594040	Downregulated	Bladder cancer	Promotes cell proliferation, colony formation and functions against apoptosis [37]
2015	piR-021285	Upregulated	Breast cancer	Epigenetic remodeling [38]
2015	PIWIL2	Upregulated	Prostate cancer	Metastasis [39]
2015	piR-017061	Downregulated	Pancreatic cancer	Associated with diseased condition [40]
2015	piR-015551	Downregulated	Colorectal cancer	Associated with long ncRNA expression [41]
2015	PIWIL1	Downregulated	Chronic myeloid leukemia	Induces growth and metastasis [42]
2015	PIWIL2	Upregulated	Cholangiocarcinoma	Involved in shorter survival span and metastasis [43]
2015	piR-57125	Downregulated	Renal cell carcinoma	Associated with tumor recurrence and metastasis, prognostic biomarker [44]
	piR-30924	Upregulated
	piR-38756	Upregulated
2015	PIWIL1	Upregulated	Type 1 endometrial cancer	Tumor progression by downregulating PTEN [45]
2015	PIWIL2	Downregulated	Bladder cancer	Related to disease specific and progression free survival [46]
2016	PIWIL4	Upregulated	Breast cancer	Metastasis, antiapoptotic activity and proliferation[47]
2016	FR140858	Differentially expressed	Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma	Correlated to human papillomavirus infection [48]
2016	piR-598	Upregulated	Glioma	Induces growth and proliferation [49]
2017	PIWIL3	Upregulated	Melanoma	Induces metastasis [50]
2017	PIWIL4	Upregulated	Retinoblastoma	Induces proliferation [51]
2018	piR-5937	Varied	Colon cancer	Biomarker [52]
2018	piR-28876	Varied	Colon cancer	Biomarker [52]
2018	piR-8041	Downregulated	Glioblastoma	Related to tumor growth [53]
2018	PIWIL1	Upregulated	Gastric cancer	Metastasis [54]
2018	PIWIL1 and PIWIL2	Varied	Muscle invasive urothelial bladder cancer	Correlation with clinical factors, biomarkers [55]
2018	PIWIL4	Upregulated	Human breast cancer	Cell motility [56]
2019	piR-823	Upregulated	Multiple myeloma	Tumor progression [57]
2019	piR-39980	Upregulated	Neuroblastoma	Tumor progression and drug resistance [58]
2019	piR-36712	Downregulated	Breast cancer	Chemoresistance and tumor progression [59]
2020	piR-004987	Upregulated	Lung cancer	Correlated with lung cancer from sputum as compared with normal [60]
	piR-020809	Upregulated
	piR-023338	Downregulated
	piR-011186	Downregulated
2021	piR-hsa-211106	Downregulated	Lung cancer	Chemoresistance and tumor progression [61]
2021	piR-1008	Upregulated	Lung cancer
	piR-28231	Upregulated	Lung cancer
	piR-11256	Upregulated	Lung cancer
	piR-30636	Upregulated	Lung cancer
	piR-24143	Upregulated	Lung cancer	Biomarker lung cancer [62]
	piR-6842	Upregulated	Lung cancer
	piR-8757	Upregulated	Lung cancer
	piR-15572	Upregulated	Lung cancer
	piR-5444	Upregulated	Lung cancer and serum exosome
	piR-26925	Upregulated

PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA): a narrative review of its biogenesis, function, and emerging role in lung cancer

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Figure 2

Important discoveries of PIWI/piRNA expression in various cancers†

Paradigm

My account