References
- Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, et al. A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China. N Engl J Med. 2020; 382:727–33.
- Perlman S, Netland J. Coronaviruses post-SARS: update on replication and pathogenesis. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2009; 7:439–50.
- Peng X, Xu X, Li Y, Cheng L, Zhou X, Ren B. Transmission routes of 2019-nCoV and controls in dental practice. Int J Oral Sci. 2020; 12:9. doi: 10.1038/s41368-020-0075-9
- Giwa A, Desai A. Novel coronavirus COVID-19: an overview for emergency clinicians. Emerg Med Pract. 2020; 22(2 Suppl 2):1–21.
- Fung S-Y, Yuen K-S, Ye Z-W, Chan C-P, Jin D-Y. A tug-of-war between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and host antiviral defence: lessons from other pathogenic viruses. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020; 9:558–70.
- Guo Y-R, Cao Q-D, Hong Z-S, Tan Y-Y, Chen S-D, Jin H-J, et al. The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak – an update on the status. Mil Med Res. 2020; 7:11. doi: 10.1186/s40779-020-00240-0
- Ran L, Chen X, Wang Y, Wu W, Zhang L, Tan X. Risk factors of healthcare workers with corona virus disease 2019: a retrospective cohort study in a designated hospital of Wuhan in China. Clin Infect Dis. 2020; 71:2218–21.
- Baseer M-A, Ansari S-H, AlShamrani S-S, Alakras A-R, Mahrous R, Alenazi A-M. Awareness of droplet and airborne isolation precautions among dental health professionals during the outbreak of corona virus infection in Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia. J Clin Exp Dent. 2016; 18:e379–87. doi: 10.4317/jced.52811
- Kanaparthi A, Dukkireddy D, Gopalaiah H, Kesary SPR, Katne T, Gantala R. Awareness of COVID 19 pandemic among dental practioners of Telangana state, India: a cross sectional survey. J Oral Biol Craniofacial Res. 2020; 10:484–9.
- von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gotzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP; STROBE Initiative. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. J Clin Epidemiol. 2008; 61:344–9.
- Burns KEA, Duffett M, Kho ME, Meade MO, Adhikari NKJ, Sinuff T, Cook DJ; for the ACCADEMY Group. A guide for the design and conduct of self-administered surveys of clinicians. CMAJ. 2008; 179:245–52.
- World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) [Internet]. Geneva: WHO; 2020 October 12, latest update 2021 May 13 [cited 2021 Nov 19]. Available from:
https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/coronavirus-disease-covid-19 - U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Infection control guidance for healthcare professionals about coronavirus (COVID-19) [Internet]. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services CDC; updated 2020 June 3 [cited 2021 Mar 25]. Available from:
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/infection-control.html - Althomairy S, Baseer M, Assery M, Alsaffan A. Knowledge and attitude of dental health professionals about Middle East respiratory syndrome in Saudi Arabia. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2018; 8:137–44.
- Almutairi KM, Al Helih EM, Moussa M, Boshaiqah AE, Saleh Alajilan A, Vinluan JM, et al. Awareness, attitudes, and practices related to coronavirus pandemic among public in Saudi Arabia. Fam Community Health. 2015; 38:332–40.
- International Civil Aviation Organization. Preventing spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) guideline for airports [Internet]. 6th ed. Montréal: ICAO; updated 2020 Dec 04 [cited 2021 Nov 19]. Available from:
https://www.icao.int/APAC/COVID19%20BCP/Preventing%20Spread%20of%20Coronavirus%20Disease%202019%20(COVID-19)%20Guideline%20for%20Airports%206th.pdf - Lauer SA, Grantz KH, Bi Q, Jones FK, Zheng Q, Meredith HR, et al. The incubation period of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) from publicly reported confirmed cases: estimation and application. Ann Intern Med. 2020; 172:577–82.
- Smieszek T, Lazzari G, Salathé M. Assessing the dynamics and control of droplet- and aerosol-transmitted influenza using an indoor positioning system. Sci Rep. 2019; 9:2185. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-38825-y
- Pedersen SF, Ho Y-C. SARS-CoV-2: a storm is raging. J Clin Invest. 2020; 130:2202–5.
- Lapointe L, Ramaprasad J, Vedel I. Creating health awareness: a social media enabled collaboration. Health Technol (Berl). 2014; 4:43–57.
- Alfaraj SH, Al-Tawfiq JA, Assiri AY, Alzahrani NA, Alanazi AA, Memish ZA. Clinical predictors of mortality of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection: a cohort study. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2019; 29:48–50.
- Onder G, Rezza G, Brusaferro S. Case-fatality rate and characteristics of patients dying in relation to COVID-19 in Italy. JAMA. 2020; 323:1775–6.
- Baud D, Qi X, Nielsen-Saines K, Musso D, Pomar L, Favre G. Real estimates of mortality following COVID-19 infection. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020; 20:773.
- Alwazzan RA, Baseer MA, ALMugeiren OM, Ingle NA. Dental professional's knowledge, preventive awareness and attitude towards COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional survey. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2021; 14:2277–88.
- Ather A, Patel B, Ruparel NB, Diogenes A, Hargreaves KM. Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19): implications for clinical dental care. J. Endod. 2020; 46: 584–95.
- Guan W-j, Liang W-h, Zhao Y, Liang H-r, Chen Z-s, Li Y-m, et al. Comorbidity and its impact on 1590 patients with Covid-19 in China: a nationwide analysis. Eur Respir J. 2020; 55:2000547. doi: 10.1183/13993003.00547-2020
- Lippi G, Simundic A-M, Plebani M. Potential preanalytical and analytical vulnerabilities in the laboratory diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Clin Chem Lab Med. 2020; 58:1070–6.
- World Health Organization. COVID-19 clinical management: living guidance, 2nd edition [Internet]. Geneva: WHO; 2021 January 25 [cited 2021 Jun 15]. Available from:
https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-2019-nCoV-clinical-2021-1 - Ralph R, Lew J, Zeng T, Francis M, Xue B, Roux M, et al. 2019-nCoV (Wuhan virus), a novel coronavirus: human-to-human transmission, travel-related cases, and vaccine readiness. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2020; 14:3–17.
- Hopkinson NS, Rossi N, El-Sayed Moustafa J, Laverty AA, Quint JK, Freidin M, et al. Current smoking and COVID-19 risk: results from a population symptom app in over 2.4 million people. Thorax. 2020; 76:714–22.
- Vardavas CI, Nikitara K. COVID-19 and smoking: a systematic review of the evidence. Tob Induc Dis. 2020; 18:20. doi: 10.18332/tid/119324
- Tonnesen P, Marott JL, Nordestgaard B, Bojesen SE, Lange P. Secular trends in smoking in relation to prevalent and incident smoking-related disease: a prospective population-based study. Tob Induc Dis. 2019; 17:72. doi: 10.18332/tid/112459
- Warren-Gash C, Fragaszy E, Hayward AC. Hand hygiene to reduce community transmission of influenza and acute respiratory tract infection: a systematic review [Internet]. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2013; 7:738–49.
- McGlone P, Watt R, Sheiham A. Evidence-based dentistry: an overview of the challenges in changing professional practice. Br Dent J. 2001; 190:636–9.
- Khanagar S, Kumar A, Naik S, Neelakantappa H, Ramachandra S, Vadavadagi S. Knowledge, attitude, and practice of hand hygiene among dentists practicing in Bangalore city – a cross-sectional survey. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2014; 4:159–63.
- Wiwanitkit V. N-95 face mask for prevention of bird flu virus: an appraisal of nanostructure and implication for infectious control. Lung. 2006; 184:373–4.