Figure 1
Flow diagram for participants.
Table 1
International Diabetes Foundation definition of metabolic syndrome
| Parameters | Defining level |
|---|---|
| Waist circumference | Male ≥90 cm |
| Female ≥80 cm | |
| Serum triglyceride | ≥150 mg/dL |
| Serum HDL-C | <40 mg/dL in male |
| <50 mg/dL in female | |
| Blood pressure (SBP or DBP) | SBP ≥130 mm Hg |
| or | |
| DBP ≥85 mm Hg | |
| Fasting serum glucose (mg/dL) | ≥100 mg/dL |
| Diagnosis of metabolic syndrome = WC + any 2 criteria | |
[i] DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP, systolic blood pressure; WC, waist circumference.
Table 2
Anthropometric and metabolic variables of industrial workers according to work schedule
| Parameters | Day shift (n = 52) | Rotation shift (n = 21) | Night shift (n = 15) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 33.4 ± 8.8 | 35.3 ± 11.3 | 32.2 ± 9.4 | 0.53 |
| Height (cm) | 161.4 ± 9.1 | 164.0 ± 7.7 | 162.7 ± 8.9 | 0.51 |
| Weight (kg) | 61.8 ± 11.5 | 64.2 ± 10.7 | 64.4 ± 9.9 | 0.60 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.7 ± 4.0 | 24.0 ± 3.8 | 24.3 ± 3.3 | 0.86 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 83.8 ± 9.1 | 86.9 ± 9.8 | 87.4 ± 12.1 | 0.31 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 122.8 ± 15.9 | 128.3 ± 17.9 | 124.5 ± 20.9 | 0.43 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 74.4 ± 11.5 | 72.6 ± 8.9 | 77.4 ± 16.4 | 0.57 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 89.0 ± 17.7 | 106.8 ± 56.1 | 85.8 ± 25.7 | 0.27 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 143 ± 71 | 165 ± 108 | 195 ± 128 | 0.34 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 36.1 ± 8.3 | 33.9 ± 7.2 | 33.5 ± 9.3 | 0.55 |
| Insulin (μIU/ml) | 11.8 ± 10.7 | 16.2 ± 13.9 | 15.4 ± 15.4 | 0.47 |
[i] BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP, systolic blood pressure.
Table 3
Proportional difference and 95% CI of metabolic syndrome and HOMA-IR in industrial workers according to work schedule
| Metabolic disorder | Comparison | Proportion difference | 95% CI of difference | Z | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metabolic syndrome | Night vs. day shift | 0.60–0.29 0.31 | 0.036 to 0.587 | 2.2 | 0.026* |
| Rotation vs. day shift | 0.43–0.29 0.14 | −0.098 to 0.378 | 1.2 | 0.25 | |
| HOMA-IR | Night vs. day shift | 0.47–0.33 0.14 | −0.135 to 0.415 | 1.0 | 0.32 |
| Rotation vs. day shift | 0.43–0.33 0.10 | −0.140 to 0.344 | 0.8 | 0.41 |
Table 4
Median difference and 95% CI of serum adipokine levels in industrial workers according to work schedule
| Adipokine | Comparison | Median difference | 95% CI of difference | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leptin | Night vs. day shift | 1.64–1.03 0.61 | 0.186 to 1.034 | 0.005** |
| Rotation vs. day shift | 1.28–1.03 0.25 | −0.124 to 0.624 | 0.19 | |
| Adiponectin | Night vs. day shift | 2.51–4.51 −2.00 | −4.197 to 0.197 | 0.07 |
| Rotation vs. day shift | 3.78–4.51 −0.73 | −2.660 to 1.208 | 0.46 | |
| LAR | Night vs. day shift | 0.67–0.22 0.45 | 0.235 to 0.665 | <0.001** |
| Rotation vs. day shift | 0.31–0.22 0.09 | −0.099 to 0.279 | 0.35 |