References
- 1. Friedland GW, Chang P. The role of imaging in the management of the impalpable undescended testis. Am J Roentgenol. 1988; 151:1107-11.
- 2. John Radcliffe Hospital Cryptorchidism Study Group. Cryptorchidism: a prospective study of 7500 consecutive male births, 1984-8. Arch Dis Child. 1992; 67:892-9.
- 3. Scorer CG. The descent of the testis. Arch Dis Child. 1964; 39:605-9.
- 4. Christensen JD, Dogra VS. The undescended testis. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 2007; 28:307-16.10.1053/j.sult.2007.05.007
- 5. Frush DP, Sheldon CA. Diagnostic imaging for pediatric scrotal disorders. Radiographics. 1998; 18:969-85.10.1148/radiographics.18.4.9672981
- 6. Guvenc BH, Sozubir S, Ekingen G, Senel U. Advantages of video-assisted approach in detecting epididymal anomalies and treatment of nonpalpable testis. Urol Int. 2005; 74:127-34.10.1159/000083283
- 7. Gearhart JP, Jeffs RD. Diagnostic maneuvers in cryptorchidism. Semin Urol. 1988; 6:79-83.
- 8. Elder JS. Ultrasonography is unnecessary in evaluating boys with a nonpalpable testis. Pediatrics. 2002; 10:748-51.
- 9. Nijs SM, Eijsbouts SW, Madern GC, Leyman PM, Lequin MH, Hazebroek FW. Nonpalpable testes: is there a relationship between ultrasonographic and operative findings? Pediatr Radiol. 2007; 37:374-9.
- 10. Wolverson MK, Houttuin E, Heiberg E, Sundaram M, Shields JB. Comparison of computed tomography with high-resolution real-time ultrasound in the localization of the impalpable undescended testis. Radiology. 1983; 146:133-6.
- 11. Graif M, Czerniak A, Avigad I, Strauss S, Wolfstein I, Itzchak Y. High-resolution sonography of the undescended testis in childhood: an analysis of 45 cases. Isr J Med Sci. 1990; 26:382-5.
- 12. Cain MP, Garra B, Gibbons MD. Scrotal-inguinal ultrasonography: a technique for identifying the nonpalpable inguinal testis without laparoscopy. J Urol. 1996; 156(2 Pt 2):791-4.
- 13. Kanemoto K, Hayashi Y, Kojima Y, Maruyama T, Ito M, Kohri K. Accuracy of ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of non-palpable testis. Int J Urol. 2005; 12:668-72.10.1111/j.1442-2042.2005.01102.x
- 14. Maghnie M, Vanzulli A, Paesano P, Bragheri R, Palladini G, Preti P, et al. The accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography compared with surgical findings in the localization of the undescended testis. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1994; 148:699-703.
- 15. Weiss RM, Carter AR, Rosenfield AT. High resolution real-time ultrasonography in the localization of the undescended testis. J Urol. 1986; 135:936-8.
- 16. Kullendorff CM, Hederstrom E, Forsberg L. Preoperative ultrasonography of the undescended testis. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 1985; 19:13-5.10.3109/00365598509180215
- 17. Malone PS, Guiney EJ. A comparison between ultrasonography and laparoscopy in localising the impalpable undescended testis. Br J Urol. 1985; 57: 185-6.
- 18. Pekkafali MZ, Sahin C, Ilbey YO, Albayrak S, Yildirim S, Basekim CC. Comparison of ultrasonographic and laparoscopic findings in adult nonpalpable testes cases. Eur Urol. 2003; 44:124-7.10.1016/S0302-2838(03)00145-3
- 19. Hrebinko RL, Bellinger MF. The limited role of imaging techniques in managing children with undescended testes. J Urol. 1993; 150(2 Pt 1):458-60.