Table 1
Basic characteristics of included RCT studies.
| Age (years) | Sample | Intervention | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study | I | C | I | C | I | C | Outcome |
| Dehghan et al. 20184 | 40.94 ± 19.44 | 42.97 ± 23.08 | 35 | 35 | Conventional nursing; abdominal massage: touch, massage, knead, and vibrate; twice a day for 15 min each time, last 3 days | Conventional nursing | Abdominal circumference, defecation, constipation |
| Momenfar et al. 20186 | 60.76 ± 17.38 | 58.66 ± 14.75 | 30 | 30 | Conventional nursing; abdominal massage: touch, massage, knead, and vibrate; twice a day for 20 min each time, last 3 days | Conventional nursing | Gastric residual |
| Shaeri et al. 20179 | Unclear | Unclear | 50 | 50 | Conventional nursing; abdominal massage: touch, massage, knead, and vibrate; twice a day for 15 min each time, last 3 days | Conventional nursing | Gastric residual, abdominal distension, vomiting, abdominal circumference |
| Kahraman and Ozdemir 201510 | 70.4 ± 13.0 | 70.4 ± 13.0 | 16 | 16 | Conventional nursing; abdominal massage: touch, massage, knead, and vibrate; twice a day for 15 min each time, last 3 days | Conventional nursing | Gastric residual, abdominal circumference, ventilator-associated pneumonia |
| Uysal et al. 201211 | More than 18 | More than 18 | 40 | 40 | Conventional nursing; abdominal massage: touch, massage, knead, and vibrate; twice a day for 15 min each time, last 3 days | Conventional nursing | Gastric retention, gastric retention, abdominal distension, vomiting, ventilator-associated pneumonia |
| Huang 201712 | 63.0 ± 12.2 | 62.7 ± 12.6 | 49 | 49 | Conventional nursing; abdominal massage: touch, massage, knead, and vibrate; three times a day for 15 min each time, last 7 days | Conventional nursing | Retention, abdominal circumference, adverse reactions |
| Lyu et al. 201413 | More than 18 | More than 18 | 40 | 40 | Conventional nursing; abdominal massage: touch, massage, knead, and vibrate; three times a day for 15 min each time, last 7 days | Conventional nursing | Gastric retention, abdominal circumference, abdominal distension, vomiting |
| Ge et al. 201314 | 60.3 ± 10.2 | 58.4 ± 13.5 | 52 | 56 | Conventional nursing; abdominal massage: touch, massage, knead, and vibrate; three times a day for 15 min each time, last 7 days | Conventional nursing | Abdominal circumference, abdominal distension, gastric retention |
| Zhou et al. 201615 | 29–84 | 29–84 | 46 | 46 | Conventional nursing; abdominal massage: press, gently lift, press, cycle massage; three times a day for 15 min each time, last 7 days | Conventional nursing | Vomiting, abdominal distension, diarrhea |
[i] Note: RCT: randomized controlled trial; I: intervention group; C: control group.
Figure 1
Subgroup analysis of the effects of abdominal massage on the abdominal circumference in ICU patients.
Figure 2
Forest plot of gastric residue.
Table 2
Methodological quality evaluation of included studies.
| Random | Allocation | Blinded | Data | Report | Other | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study | sequence | concealment | ① | ② | integrity | results | biases | Quality |
| Momenfar et al. 20186 | Unclear | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Unclear | Low risk | Unclear | B |
| Dehghan et al. 20184 | High risk | Unclear | High risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | B |
| Uysal et al. 20179 | High risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | B |
| Kahraman and Ozdemir 201510 | High risk | High risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | B |
| Uysal et al. 201211 | High risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | B |
| Huang 201712 | Unclear | Unclear | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | B |
| Lyu et al. 201413 | Low risk | Unclear | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | B |
| Ge et al. 201314 | Unclear | Unclear | High risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | B |
| Zhou et al. 201615 | Unclear | Unclear | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | B |
[i] Note: ①: Blind study participants or intervention implementers; ②: Blind outcome evaluators.
Figure 3
Forest plot of the incidence of gastric retention.
Figure 4
Forest plot of the incidence of abdominal distension.
Figure 5
Forest plot of the incidence of vomiting.