References
- 1. Cvjetko P, Cvjetko I, Pavlica M. Thallium toxicity in humans. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2010;61:111-9. doi: 10.2478/10004-1254-61-2010-1976
- 2. Chandler HA, Archbold GP, Gibson JM, O’Callaghan P, Marks JN, Pethybridge RJ. Excretion of a toxic dose of thallium. Clin Chem 1990;36:1506-9. PMID: 2387048
- 3. Peter AL, Viraraghavan T. Thallium: a review of public health and environmental concerns. Environ Int 2005;31:493-501. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2004.09.003
- 4. Mulkey JP, Oehme FW. A review of thallium toxicity. Vet Hum Toxicol 1993;35:445-53. PMID: 8249271
- 5. Cheam V. Thallium contamination of water in Canada. Water Qual Res J Can 2001;36: 851-77.
- 6. Nordberg GF, Fowler BA, Nordberg M, Friberg LT, editors. Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals. 3rd ed. Burlington (MA): Academic Press Inc; 2007.
- 7. Taylor DM, Taylor SK. Environmental uranium and human health. Rev Environ Health 1997;12:147-57. PMID: 9406286
- 8. Weir E. Uranium in drinking water, naturally. CMAJ 2004;170:951-2. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.1040214
- 9. Brugge D, deLemos JL, Oldmixon B. Exposure pathways and health effects associated with chemical and radiological toxicity of natural uranium: a review. Rev Environ Health 2005;20:177-93. PMID: 16342416
- 10. Habuda-Stanić M, Kuleš M, Kalajdžić B, Romić Ž. Quality of groundwater in eastern Croatia. The problem of arsenic pollution. Desalination 2007;210:157-62. doi: 10.1016/j. desal.2006.05.040
- 11. Ćavar S, Klapec T, Grubešić RJ, Valek M. High exposure to arsenic from drinking water at several localities in Eastern Croatia. Sci Total Environ 2005;339:277-82. doi: 10.1016/ j.scitotenv.2004.12.013
- 12. Santo V, Grgić J, Laslavić B, Dario M, Valek M. Concentration of arsenic, manganese and iron in drinking water of Osijek- Baranya County. In: Lovrić E, editor. Proceedings of the 6th Scientific and Professional Assembly “Symposium Water and Public Water Supply”; 16-19 Oct 2002. Mlini, Župa Dubrovačka, Croatia. Zagreb: Croatian National Institute of Public Health; 2002. p. 69-77.
- 13. Wolf R.E, Denoyer E, Grosser Z. US EPA method 200.8 for the analysis of drinking waters and wastewaters, Perkin Elmer Inc., 2001., Application Note ENVA-300B.
- 14. Xiao T, Yang F, Li S, Zheng B, Ning Z. Thallium pollution in China: A geo-environmental perspective. Sci Total Environ 2012;421-422:51-8. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.04.008
- 15. United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Drinking Water Contaminants, National Primary Drinking Water Regulations [displayed August 2011]. Available at http://water.epa.gov/drink/contaminants/index.cfm
- 16. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). Toxic Substances Portal-Thallium, Toxicological profile for thallium [displayed September 2011]. Available at http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp.asp?id=309&tid=49
- 17. Dolgner R, Brockhaus A, Ewers U, Wiegand H, Majewski F, Soddeman H. Repeated surveillance of exposure to thallium in a population living in the vicinity of cement plant emitting dust containing thallium. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 1983;52:79 94. doi: 10.1007/BF00380610
- 18. Schaller KH, Manke G, Raithel HJ, Buhlmeyer G, Schmidt M, Valentin H. Investigation of thallium-exposed workers in cement factories. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 1980;47: 223-31. doi: 10.1007/BF00381680
- 19. Ewers U. Environmental exposure to thallium. Sci Total Environ 1988;71:(3)285-92. doi: 10.1016/0048-9697(88)90199-4
- 20. Li S, Xiao T, Zheng B. Medical geology of arsenic, selenium and thallium in China. Sci Total Environ 2012;421-422:31-40. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.02.040
- 21. Xiao T, Guha Y, Boyle D, Liu CQ, Chen J. Environmental concerns related to high thallium levels in soils and thallium uptake by plants in southwest Guizhou, China. Sci Total Environ 2004;318:223-44. doi: 10.1016/S0048-9697(03)00448-0
- 22. Xiao T, Guha J, Boyle D, Liu CQ, Zheng B, Wilson GC, Rouleau A. Chen J. Naturally occurring thallium: a hidden geoenvironmental health hazard? Environ Int 2004;30:501-7. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2003.10.004
- 23. Lu CI, Huang CC, Chang YC, Tsai YT, Kuo HC, Chuang YH, Shih TS Short-term thallium intoxication: dermatological findings correlated with thallium concentration. Arch Dermatol 2007;143:93-8. doi: 10.1001/archderm.143.1.93
- 24. Pravilnik o zdravstvenoj ispravnosti vode za piće [Rules on health suitability of drinking water, in Croatian]. Narodne novine 47/2008.
- 25. Kurttio P, Harmoinen A, Saha H, Salonen L, Karpas Z, Komulainen H, Auvinen A. Kidney toxicity of ingested uranium from drinking water. Am J Kidney Dis 2006;47:972-82. PMID: 16731292
- 26. Kurttio P, Komulainen H, Leino A, Salonen L, Auvinen A, Saha H. Bone as a possible target of chemical toxicity of natural uranium in drinking water. Environ Health Perspect 2005;113:68-72. doi: 10.1289/ehp.7475
- 27. Auvinen A, Salonen L, Pekkanen J, Pukkala E, Ilus T, Kurttio P. Radon and other natural radionuclides in drinking water and risk of stomach cancer: a case-cohort study in Finland. Int J Cancer 2005;114:109-13. doi: 10.1002/ijc.20680
- 28. Magdo HS, Forman J, Graber N, Newman B, Klein K, Satlin L, Amler RW, Winston JA, Landrigan PJ. Grand rounds: nephrotoxicity in a young child exposed to uranium from contaminated well water. Environ Health Perspect 2007;115:1237-41. doi: 10.1289/ehp.9707
- 29. Katsoyiannis IA, Hug SJ, Ammann A, Zikoudi A, Hatziliontos C. Arsenic speciation and uranium concentrations in drinking water supply wells in Northern Greece: correlations with redox indicative parameters and implications for groundwater treatment. Sci Total Environ 2007;383:128 40. doi: 10.1016/ j.scitotenv.2007.04.035
- 30. Rani A, Singh S. Analysis of uranium in drinking water samples using laser induced fluorimetry. Health Phys 2006;91:101-7. doi: 10.1097/01
- 31. Kurttio P, Auvinen A, Salonen L, Saha H, Pekkanen J, Makelainen I, Vaisanen SB, Penttila IM, Komulainen H. Renal effects of uranium in drinking water. Environ Health Perspect 2002;110:337-42. PMID:11940450
- 32. World Health Organization (WHO). Guideliness for Drinking-water Quality, fourth edition. [displayed October 20011]. Available at http://www.scribd.com/doc/59802585/Guidelines-for-Drinking-water-Quality-2011
- 33. Hirata M, Taoda K, Ono-Ogasawara M, Takaya M, Hisanaga N. A probable case of chronic occupational thallium poisoning in a glass factory. Ind Health 1998;36:300-3. doi: 10.2486/indhealth.36.300
- 34. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Thallium poisoning from eating contaminated cake--Iraq, 2008. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2008;57:1015-8. PMID: 18802411
- 35. Zhao G, Ding M, Zhang B, Lv W, Yin H, Zhang L, Ying Z, Zhang Q. Clinical manifestations and management of acute thallium poisoning. Eur Neurol 2008;60:292-7. doi: 10.1159/000157883
- 36. Pelclova D, Urban P, Ridzon P, Senholdova Z, Lukas E, Diblik P, Lacina L. Two-year follow-up of two patients after severe thallium intoxication. Hum Exp Toxicol 2009;28:263-72. doi: 10.1177/0960327109106487
- 37. Saha H, Sadhu HG, Karnik AB, Patel TS, Sinha SN, Saiyed HN. Erosion of nails following thallium poisoning: a case report. Occup Environ Med 2004;61:640-2. doi: 10.1136/oem.2003.009464
- 38. Bocca B, Mattei D, Pino A, Alimonti A. Italian network for human biomonitoring of metals: preliminary results from two Regions. Ann Ist Super Sanita 2010;46:259-65.
- 39. Moore D, House I, Dixon A. Thallium poisoning. Diagnosis may be elusive but alopecia is the clue. BMJ 1993;306:1527-9.
- 40. Minoia G, Sabbioni E, Apostoli P, Pietra R, Pozzoli L, Gallorini M, Nocolau G, Allesio L, Capodaglio E. Trace element reference values in tissues from inhabitants of the European Community I. A study of 46 elements in urine, blood and serum of Italian subjects. Sci Total Environ 1990;95:89-105. doi: 10.1016/0048-9697(94)90059-0
- 41. Ferguson TJ. Thallium. In: Olson KR, Anderson IB, Benowitz NL, Blanc PD, Clark RF, Kearny TE, Osterloh J, editors. Poisoning and Drug Overdose. 4th ed. Singapore: The McGraw-Hill Companies; 2004. p. 352-4.
- 42. Bradley-Moore PR, Lebowitz E, Greene MW, Atkins HL, Ansari AN. Thallium-201 for medical use. II: Biologic behavior. J Nucl Med 1975;16:156-60. PMID: 1110422
- 43. Atkins HL, Budinger TF, Lebowitz E, Ansari AN, Greene MW, Fairchild RG, Ellis KJ. Thallium-201 for medical use. Part 3: Human distribution and physical imaging properties. J Nucl Med 1977;18:133-40 PMID: 833658.
- 44. Luzanova IS, Pletneva TV, Maksimova TV, Salomatin EM, Lutskii Ia M. Measurement of thallium content in human urine by atomic absorption spectrometry after acute poisoning. Sud Med Ekspert 2008;51:41-3. PMID:19048879
- 45. McMillan TM, Jacobson RR, Gross M. Neuropsychology of thallium poisoning. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1997;63:247-50.
- 46. Das AK, Chakraborty R, Cervera ML, de la Guardia M. Determination of thallium in biological samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006;385:665-70. doi: 10.1007/s00216-006-0411-8
- 47. Sabbioni E, Minoia C, Ronchi A, Hansen BG, Pietra R, Balducci C. Trace element reference values in tissues from inhabitants of the European Union. VIII. Thallium in the Italian population. Sci Total Environ 1994;158:227-36.
- 48. Karpas Z. Uranium bioassay--beyond urinalysis. Health Phys 2001;81:460-3. PMID:11569642
- 49. Baggati D, Cantone MC, Giussani A, Veronese I, Roth P, Werner E, Hollriegl, V. Regional dependence of urinary uranium baseline levels in non-exposed subjects with particular reference to volunteers from Northern Italy. J Environ Radioact 2003;65:357-64. doi: 10.1016/S0265-931 (02)00107-8
- 50. Karpas Z, Lorber A, Elish E, Marcus P, Roiz Y, Marko R, Kol R, Brikner D, Halicz L. Uranium in urine--normalization to creatinine. Health Phys 1998;74:86-90. PMID:9415585
- 51. Jones AD, Miller BG, Walker S, Anderson J, Colvin AP, Hutchison PA, Soutar CA. A normative value pilot study: levels of uranium in urine samples from UK civilians. Environ Res 2007;104:216-23. doi: 10.1016/j. envres.2007.02.004
- 52. McDiarmid MA, Hooper FJ, Squibb K, McPhaul K. The utility of spot collection for urinary uranium determinations in depleted uranium exposed Gulf War veterans. Health Phys 1999;77:261-4. PMID:10456496
- 53. Jergović M, Miškulin M, Puntarić D, Gmajnić R, Milas J, Sipos L. Cross-sectional Biomonitoring of Metals in Adult Populations in Post-war Eastern Croatia: Differences Between Areas of Moderate and Heavy Combat. Croat Med J 2010;51:451-60.
- 54. Karpas Z, Paz-Tal O, Lorber A, Salonen L, Komulainen H, Auvinen A, Saha H, Kurttio P. Urine, hair, and nails as indicators for ingestion of uranium in drinking water. Health Phys 2005;88:229-42. PMID:15706143
- 55. Karpas Z, Lorber A, Sela H, Paz-Tal O, Hagag Y, Kurttio P, Salonen L. Measurement of the 234U/238U ratio by MCICPMS in drinking water, hair, nails, and urine as an indicator of uranium exposure source. Health Phys 2005;89:315-21. PMID:16155452
- 56. Selden AI, Lundholm C, Edlund B, Hogdahl C, Ek BM, Bergstrom BE, Ohlson CG. Nephrotoxicity of uranium in drinking water from private drilled wells. Environ Res 2009;109:486-94. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2009.02.002
- 57. Bass DA, Hickok D, Quig D, Urek K. Trace element analysis in hair: factors determining accuracy, precision, and r e l i a b i l i t y. Altern Med Rev 2001;6:472-81. PMID:11703167
- 58. Muikku M, Puhakainen M, Heikkinen T, Ilus T. The mean concentration of uranium in drinking water, urine, and hair of the occupationally unexposed Finnish working population. Health Phys 2009;96:646-54. doi: 10.1097/01.HP.0000345026.98668.c4