Nonlinear analysis for liquefaction simulation: implication of constitutive soil model

Siti Nurlita Fitri; Niken Silmi Surjandari; Galuh Chrismaningwang; Bambang Setiawan; Yusep Muslih Purwana; Brillian Budi Prakosa; Raden Harya Dananjaya Hesti Indrabaskara

doi:10.22630/srees.10987

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Nonlinear analysis for liquefaction simulation: implication of constitutive soil model

Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences

Volume 35 (2026): Issue 1 (March 2026)

By: Siti Nurlita Fitri , Niken Silmi Surjandari , Galuh Chrismaningwang , Bambang Setiawan , Yusep Muslih Purwana , Brillian Budi Prakosa and Raden Harya Dananjaya Hesti Indrabaskara

Open Access

|Mar 2026

Figures & Tables

Research location in macroscale (a) and microscale (b)Source: own work based on Ina-Geoportal maps (2025).

Results of standard penetration test (N-SPT) and shear wave velocity (Vs) test in designated boreholes: a – BH1, b – BH2, c – BH3, d – BH4, e – BH5Source: own work.

Pore water pressure generation from DEEPSOIL analysis: a – BH1, b – BH2, c – BH3, d – BH4, e – BH5Source: own work.

Shear stress and shear strain relation output in depth of −5 m: a – BH1, b – BH2, c – BH3, d – BH4, e – BH5Source: own work.

Relationship among excess pore water pressure ratio (ru) and strain in the DEEPSOIL model: a – BH1, b – BH2, c – BH3, d – BH4, e – BH5Source: own work.

Soil properties for all borehole

BH1
Depth	0–1 m	1–3 m	3–7 m	7–11 m	11–14 m	14–17 m	17–20 m
Soil type	sand		silty sand		sand	clayey sand
γ_s [kN⸱m⁻³]	16.2	16.2	16	17	18	18	18
V_s [m⸱s⁻¹]	196	260	264	300	326	346	356
ϕ [°]	27	24	29	32	35	38	38
BH2
Depth	0–1 m	1–4 m	4–6 m	6–9 m	9–14 m	14–18 m	18–20 m
Soil type	sand		silty sand			sand
γ_s [kN⸱m⁻³]	17	17	18	18	16	16.8	17.8
V_s [m⸱s⁻¹]	197	270	289	313	287	296	340
ϕ [°]	29.1	39.81	38	39	37	38.5	38.5
BH3
Depth	0–1 m	1–2 m	2–4 m	4–5 m	5–7 m	7–17 m	17–20 m
Soil type		sand			silty sand
γ_s [kN⸱m−3]	16	16.2	17.2	16	16	16	17.8
V_s [m⸱s−1]	216	222	270	252	234	248	355
ϕ [°]	22	22	32	35	35	38	39
BH4
Depth	silty sand		sand			×	×
Soil type	0–1 m	1–3 m	3–5 m	×	8–10 m	×	×
γ_s [kN⸱m−3]	16	16.5	17	×	17.8	×	×
V_s [m⸱s−1]	208	210	251	×	340	×	×
ϕ [°]	27	28	31	×	35	×	×
BH5
Depth		sand			gravelly sand
Soil type	0–1 m	1–7 m	7–8 m	8–12 m	12–13 m	13–14 m	14–17 m
γ_s [kN⸱m−3]	16	17.5	16.2	16.2	17.5	17.5	18
V_s [m⸱s−1]	195	276	261	255	292	313	330
ϕ [°]	28	30	32	32	35	38	38

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22630/srees.10987 | Journal eISSN: 2543-7496 | Journal ISSN: 1732-9353

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Language: English

Page range: 57 - 74

Submitted on: Dec 11, 2025

Accepted on: Feb 27, 2026

Published on: Mar 31, 2026

Published by: Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW Press

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

Lombok,

Related subjects:

Architecture and design,

Architecture,

Architects, buildings,

Geosciences,

Geosciences, other,

Engineering,

Mechanical engineering,

Fundamentals of mechanical engineering,

Geosciences,

Geology and mineralogy

© 2026 Siti Nurlita Fitri, Niken Silmi Surjandari, Galuh Chrismaningwang, Bambang Setiawan, Yusep Muslih Purwana, Brillian Budi Prakosa, Raden Harya Dananjaya Hesti Indrabaskara, published by Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License.

Volume 35 (2026): Issue 1 (March 2026)

Nonlinear analysis for liquefaction simulation: implication of constitutive soil model

Figures & Tables

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 3.

FIGURE 4.

FIGURE 5.

Soil properties for all borehole

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