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The role of roadside vegetation near school in mitigating air pollution: an exploratory case study in Zielonka Cover

The role of roadside vegetation near school in mitigating air pollution: an exploratory case study in Zielonka

Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences
Volume 35 (2026): Issue 2 (June 2026)
By:  and    
Open Access
|Jul 2026
Figures & tables

Figures & Tables

FIGURE 1.

Study area within Zielonka, lines represent analyzed school routes Source: own work on the basis of a background generated in portalmap OpenStreetMap (2025).

FIGURE 2.

Leaf area index (LAI), percentage of build-up area and particulate matter (PM) concentrations across school route of Primary School 1 (detached housing, wide streets) in leaf-off (a) and leaf-on conditions (b) Source: own work.

FIGURE 3.

Leaf area index (LAI), percentage of build-up area and particulate matter (PM) concentrations across school route of Primary School 2 (mixed environment: forest, parking area, schoolyard) in leaf-off (a) and leaf-on conditions (b)Source: own work.

FIGURE 4.

Leaf area index (LAI), percentage of build-up area and particulate matter (PM) concentrations across school route of Primary School 3 (narrow streets, compact single-family housing) in leaf-off (a) and leaf-on conditions (b)

FIGURE 5.

Leaf area index (LAI), percentage of build-up area and particulate matter (PM) concentrations across school route of Primary School 3 (route adjacent to park and railroad tracks) in leaf-off (a) and leaf-on conditions (b)Source: own work.

Results of Pearson’s correlation analysis for each school in leaf-off and leaf-on conditions

SchoolLeaf-offLeaf-onn
size of particulatesrpsize of particulatesrp
PS1PM1–0.134.46×10−2PM1–0.19*7
PS1PM2.5–0.126.91×10−2PM2.5–0.20*
PS1PM10–0.018.29×10−1PM10–0.21*
PS2PM1–0.28*PM1–0.38*10
PS2PM2.5–0.25*PM2.5–0.48*
PS2PM10–0.33*PM10–0.45*
PS3PM1–0.35*PM1–0.018.51×10−111
PS3PM2.5–0.32*PM2.50.026.14×10−1
PS3PM10–0.31*PM100.025.60×10−1
PS4PM1–0.081.97×10−1PM1–0.156.21×10−36
PS4PM2.50.081.87×10−1PM2.5–0.156.19×10−3
PS4PM100.063.62×10−1PM10–0.155.97×10−3

Results of general Pearson’s correlation analysis

CampaignSize of particulatesrpR2
Leaf-offPM1–0.16*0.02
PM2.5–0.15*0.02
PM10–0.16*0.02
Leaf-onPM1–0.08*0.01
PM2.5–0.09*0.01
PM10–0.09*0.01

Seasonal variation of leaf area index (LAI) and particulate matter (PM1, PM2_5, PM10) concentrations with descriptive statistics

ParameterUnitMinimumMaximumMean±SD
Measurementleaf-off
LAI–0.12.50.57 ±0.43
PM1μg·m−3254832.5 ±3.75
PM2.5μg·m−3368150.59 ±6.96
PM10μg·m−3388954.66 ±8.44
Measurementleaf-on
LAI–0.68.75.47 ±2.21
PM1μg·m−34257.26 ±1.74
PM2.5μg·m−36449.35 ±3.14
PM10μg·m−36459.92 ±3.19
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22630/srees.10965 | Journal eISSN: 2543-7496 | Journal ISSN: 1732-9353
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Language: English
Page range: 139 - 157
Submitted on: Nov 23, 2025
Accepted on: Mar 11, 2026
Published on: Jul 7, 2026
Published by: Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Keywords:
urban air pollution,
particulate matter,
PM,
urban vegetation,
leaf area index,
LAI,
seasonal variation,
children’s exposure
Related subjects:
Architecture and design,
Architecture,
Architects, buildings,
Geosciences,
Geosciences, other,
Engineering,
Mechanical engineering,
Fundamentals of mechanical engineering,
Geosciences,
Geology and mineralogy

© 2026 Michał TRZECIAK, Daria SIKORSKA, published by Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License.

Volume 35 (2026): Issue 2 (June 2026)
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