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Hydrological analysis of the Oder droughts for the period 1950‒2022 in the context of the 2022 river disaster Cover

Hydrological analysis of the Oder droughts for the period 1950‒2022 in the context of the 2022 river disaster

Open Access
|Dec 2025

Figures & Tables

FIGURE 1.

Location of the Oder river basin in Poland
Source: own work.
Location of the Oder river basin in Poland Source: own work.

FIGURE 2.

Lowest annual discharges of the Oder at three water gauging stations in the period of 1950‒2022
Source: own work based on data of the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute (IMGW-PIB).
Lowest annual discharges of the Oder at three water gauging stations in the period of 1950‒2022 Source: own work based on data of the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute (IMGW-PIB).

FIGURE 3.

Lowest monthly flows of the Oder in Chałupki in the period of 1950‒2022
Source: own work based on data of the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute (IMGW-PIB).
Lowest monthly flows of the Oder in Chałupki in the period of 1950‒2022 Source: own work based on data of the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute (IMGW-PIB).

FIGURE 4.

Lowest monthly flows of the Oder in Połęcko in the period of 1950‒2022
Source: own work based on data of the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute (IMGW-PIB).
Lowest monthly flows of the Oder in Połęcko in the period of 1950‒2022 Source: own work based on data of the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute (IMGW-PIB).

FIGURE 5.

Lowest monthly flows of the Oder in Gozdowice in the period of 1950‒2022
Source: own work based on data of the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute (IMGW-PIB).
Lowest monthly flows of the Oder in Gozdowice in the period of 1950‒2022 Source: own work based on data of the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute (IMGW-PIB).

FIGURE 6.

Distribution of droughts in three gauging profiles analyzed: A – the number of days of drought; B – the duration of the longest drought per annum
Source: own work.
Distribution of droughts in three gauging profiles analyzed: A – the number of days of drought; B – the duration of the longest drought per annum Source: own work.

FIGURE 7.

Discharge of the Oder in Chałupki (A), Połęcko (B), and Gozdowice (C) in the period from 1 March 2022 to 30 September 2022 (The arrow in Figure 7C represents the time when the Oder disaster occurred; SNQ – average annual minimum flow)
Source: own work based on data of the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute (IMGW-PIB).
Discharge of the Oder in Chałupki (A), Połęcko (B), and Gozdowice (C) in the period from 1 March 2022 to 30 September 2022 (The arrow in Figure 7C represents the time when the Oder disaster occurred; SNQ – average annual minimum flow) Source: own work based on data of the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute (IMGW-PIB).

p-values of the Mann–Kendall test for the lowest monthly discharges of the Oder in a particular month over the period of 1950–2022

Water gaugeMonth
NOVDECJANFEBMARAPRMAYJUNJULAUGSEPOCT
Chałupki0.0710.5060.0190.0010.0540.1810.5530.1590.1841.0000.1990.032
Połęcko0.7100.3880.7970.3840.6690.0320.0010.00020.0030.0030.3260.617
Gozdowice0.7700.5480.5090.3840.9840.1450.0070.0020.0150.0080.2100.338

p-values of the Mann‒Kendall tests for several days of drought at a particular gauging station and the longest annual drought at a specific gauging station

ProfileNumber of days of droughtLongest drought
trendptrendp
Chalupkidecreasing0.0093decreasing0.0021
Poleckoincreasing0.5855increasing0.7792
Gozdowiceincreasing0.6032increasing0.7481
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22630/srees.10421 | Journal eISSN: 2543-7496 | Journal ISSN: 1732-9353
Language: English
Page range: 398 - 416
Submitted on: Apr 30, 2025
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Accepted on: Nov 25, 2025
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Published on: Dec 31, 2025
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 2025 Muhammad Umar Ali, Mateusz Grygoruk, published by Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License.