Emotion recognition from the eye region in children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder in Arab and Scandinavian countries Cover

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Emotion recognition from the eye region in children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder in Arab and Scandinavian countries

Scandinavian Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology

Volume 6 (2018): Issue 4 (December 2018)

By: Sanna Kuusikko-Gauffin, Sherin Elsheikh, Sven Bölte, Manal Omar, Geylan Riad, Hanna Ebeling, Arja Rautio and Irma Moilanen

Open Access

|Jan 2019

Figures & Tables

Examples of emotional expressions used in FEFA

Group comparisons within country on FEFA scales

	Egypt¹				Finland²
	ASD	TD			ASD	TD
FEFA (Max score)	M(SE)/Adjusted mean		η_p²	p	M(SE)/Adjusted mean		η_p²	p
Total (40)	24.0(0.9)/3.3	30.4(0.9)/3.3	0.56	0.000***	27.8(4.3)/3.4	31.1(0.8)/3.4	0.18	0.004**
Happiness (6)	4.7(0.3)/1.8	5.2(0.3)/1.7	0.16	0.014	3.8(1.4)/1.5	4.9(0.3)/1.8	0.17	0.006**
Neutral (8)	4.0(0.4)/1.7	5.5(0.4)/1.5	0.26	0.000***	5.7(1.7)/1.9	6.2(0.3)/1.9	0.03	0.409
Surprise (4)	1.5(0.2)/0.9	2.6(0.2)/1.2	0.34	0.000***	2.3(0.7)/1.2	2.7(0.1)/1.3	0.11	0.041
Disgust (3)	1.5(0.2)/1.0	2.2(0.2)/1.0	0.35	0.000***	2.5(0.6)/1.3	2.5(0.1)/1.2	0.03	0.424
Sadness (4)	3.1(0.2)/1.4	3.0(0.2)/1.4	0.00	0.973	3.1(1.0)/1.4	3.0(0.2)/1.4	0.03	0.402
Anger (6)	4.2(0.3)/1.6	4.7(0.3)/1.6	0.05	0.390	3.6(1.2)/1.5	4.0(0.2)/1.6	0.04	0.339
Blends (9)	5.8(2.4)/1.8	7.7(1.1)/2.2	0.36	0.001***	7.5(1.3)/2.1	8.3(0.8)/2.2	0.14	0.015
Fear-Surprise (5)	3.1(0.2)/1.4	4.7(0.2)/1.6	0.38	0.000***	4.6(0.8)/1.7	4.9(0.2)/1.8	0.09	0.063

Background information of the participants

	Egyptian ASD	Finnish ASD	Egyptian TD	Finnish TD
Sample size	34	32	34	28	ANOVAs
Boys/girls	31/3	22/10	22/12	13/15	Egyptian ASD vs Finnish ASD	Egyptian TD vs Finnish TD	Egyptian ASD vs Egyptian TD	Finnish ASD vs Finnish TD
M(SD)					F(1.64)	F(1.60)	F(1.66)	F(1.67)
Age	8.6 (2.3)	12.5 (0.8)	10.3 (2.4)	13.9 (1.3)	81.6***	50.7***	9.1**	8.3**
FSIQ	96.7 (19.3)	102.8 (18.3)	123.4 (12.7)	n/a	1.7	n/a	45.1***	n/a
VIQ	101.4 (20.4)	104.0 (24.0)	133.8 (12.0)	n/a	0.3	n/a	65.9***	n/a
PIQ	93.1 (18.5)	103.0 (17.3)	107.8 (13.2)	n/a	5.0**	n/a	14.3***	n/a
ASSQ-R	19.6 (6.2)	19.2 (8.2)	8.2 (6.8)	0.8 (1.3)	0.6	31.2***	51.7***	154.9***

Emotion recognition accuracy rates and error patterns for TD groups

						Presented emotion
						TD
			Egypt						Finland
Response %	Happiness	Neutral	Surprise	Disgust	Sadness	Anger	Happiness	Neutral	Surprise	Disgust	Sadness	Anger
Happiness	87.7	2.6	2.2	0	0.7	0	83.9	0	0	2.4	0	0
Neutral	3.4	68.4	4.4	0	7.4	1.0	9.5	77.7	8.0	0	12.5	4.2
Surprise	1.5	5.1	70.6	2.9	11.8	14.2	1.8	3.1	72.3	1.2	3.6	12.5
Disgust	0.5	0.4	0	61.8	0	2.5	3.6	2.7	0	66.7	9.8	13.1
Sadness	6.4	22.4	8.8	4.9	69.1	3.9	0.6	13.8	3.6	2.4	71.4	0
Anger	0	0	0.7	27.5	1.5	75.0	0	0.4	0	26.2	2.7	66.7
Fear	0.5	1.1	13.2	2.9	9.6	3.4	0.6	2.2	16.1	1.2	0	3.6

Group comparisons between country on FEFA Scales, corrected with age

		ASD				TD
	Egypt	Finland			Egypt	Finland
FEFA (Max score)	M(SE)/Adjusted mean		η_p²	p	M(SE)/Adjusted mean		ηp²	p
Total (40)	24.4(1.1)/3.2	27.0(1.1)/3.3	0.18	0.002**	31.4(0.8)/3.5	30.7(0.9)/3.4	0.04	0.316
Happiness (6)	4.9(0.4)/1.7	3.6(0.4)/1.5	0.03	0.435	5.3(0.2)/1.8	5.0(0.2)/1.8	0.01	0.680
Neutral (8)	4.1(0.4)/1.5	5.6(0.4)/1.8	0.15	0.005**	5.5(0.4)/1.8	6.2(0.3)/1.9	0.04	0.281
Surprise (4)	1.6(0.2)/0.8	2.1(0.2)/1.1	0.21	0.001***	2.7(0.1)/1.3	2.7(0.1)/1.3	0.01	0.724
Disgust (3)	1.7(0.2)/0.9	2.2(0.2)/1.1	0.37	0.000***	2.4(0.2)/1.2	2.4(0.2)/1.2	0.05	0.214
Sadness (4)	3.0(0.2)/1.4	3.2(0.2)/1.4	0.01	0.725	3.2(0.2)/1.4	2.9(0.2)/1.3	0.03	0.438
Anger (6)	4.2(0.3)/1.6	3.6(0.3)/1.5	0.02	0.513	4.7(0.3)/1.7	4.0(0.3)/1.6	0.03	0.412
Blended (9)	5.7(2.4)/1.8	7.5(1.3)/2.1	0.19	0.001***	7.7(1.1)/2.2	8.3(0.8)/2.2	0.13	0.018
Fear-Surprise (5)	3.2(0.3)/1.3	4.4(0.3)/1.7	0.23	0.000***	4.7(0.2)/1.7	4.9(0.2)/1.8	0.06	0.167

Emotion recognition accuracy rates and error patterns in Fear-Surprise blends for ASD and TD groups

Fear-Surprise blends
	ASD		TD
Response (%)	Egypt	Finland	Egypt	Finland
Happiness	4.1	0	0	0
Neutral	2.3	1.3	0	0
Surprise	17.6	28.8	67.1	46.4
Disgust	4.1	5	0	0.7
Sadness	11.8	1.3	0.6	0.7
Anger	17.6	0.6	4.1	0
Fear	42.4	63.1	28.2	52.1

Emotion recognition accuracy rates and error patterns for ASD groups

						Presented emotion
						ASD
			Egypt						Finland
Response %	Happiness	Neutral	Surprise	Disgust	Sadness	Anger	Happiness	Neutral	Surprise	Disgust	Sadness	Anger
Happiness	77.0	7.4	8.8	6.9	3.7	2.4	64.1	3.1	1.6	9.4	0	0
Neutral	2.0	47.8	4.4	2.0	5.1	2.9	15.1	69.1	7.0	1.0	17.2	3.1
Surprise	2.0	3.3	22.1	2.9	2.2	5.4	8.9	7.8	52.3	3.1	1.6	6.2
Disgust	2.0	1.1	2.9	38.2	2.2	1.0	4.2	2.7	2.3	68.8	3.1	19.3
Sadness	10.8	33.8	24.3	14.7	70.6	15.2	4.7	12.9	7.0	1.0	64.0	2.1
Anger	4.9	4.8	5.9	31.4	8.8	66.2	0	0.4	0	16.7	0	60.4
Fear	1.5	2.2	31.6	3.9	7.4	6.9	3.0	3.9	29.7	0	14.1	8.9

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/sjcapp-2018-015 | Journal eISSN: 2245-8875

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Language: English

Page range: 159 - 169

Published on: Jan 23, 2019

Published by: Psychiatric Research Unit

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

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© 2019 Sanna Kuusikko-Gauffin, Sherin Elsheikh, Sven Bölte, Manal Omar, Geylan Riad, Hanna Ebeling, Arja Rautio, Irma Moilanen, published by Psychiatric Research Unit
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 6 (2018): Issue 4 (December 2018)