Figure 1.
Persistence of DSM-IV BP-I in youth at the 5-year follow-up.
TABLE 1.
Demographic characteristics of subjects with syndromatic and symptomatic remission, syndromatic persistence, and syndromatic persistence
| Syndromatic and Symptomatic Remission (N=13) | Symptomatic Persistence (N=21) | Syndromatic Persistence (N=34) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | Test Statistic | p-Value | |
| Sex (male) | 10 (77) | 14 (67) | 27 (79) | 0.56 | |
| Caucasian | 13 (100) | 20 (95) | 33 (97) | Exact | 1.00 |
| Mean±SD | Mean±SD | Mean±SD | |||
| Age at baseline[range] | 11.5±3.6[4-16] | 9.2±3.5[4-17] | 9.3±3.4[4-17] | F(2, 65)=2.14 | 0.13 |
| Age at follow-up[range] | 16.9±4.2[9-22] | 14.5±3.8[9-23] | 14.4±3.6[7-23] | F2, 65=2.24 | 0.11 |
| SES | 1.5±1.0 | 2.0±1.0 | 1.8±1.0 | 0.26 |
TABLE 2.
Characteristics of bipolar disorder
| Syndromatic and Symptomatic Remission (N=13) | Symptomatic Persistence (N=21) | Syndromatic Persistence (N=34) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median (Q1, Q3)† | Median (Q1, Q3) | Median (Q1, Q3) | Test Statistic | p-Value | |
| Baseline Duration | 3 (1, 7) | 3 (2, 6) | 5 (2, 7) | 0.56 | |
| Lifetime duration | 7 (4, 9) | 8 (5, 10) | 10 (7, 14)*,‡,§ | 0.01 | |
| Mean±SD | Mean±SD | Mean±SD | |||
| Baseline # of symptoms | 5.5±1.3 | 5.8±1.1 | 6.3±0.9*,‡ | F2, 65=3.41 | 0.04 |
| Lifetime # of symptoms | 6.1±0.9 | 6.0±1.0 | 6.7±0.7*,‡,§,** | F2, 65=5.25 | 0.008 |
| N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | |||
| Baseline ultra-rapid or ultradian cycling | 5 (38) | 5 (24) | 13 (39) | 0.48 | |
| Lifetime ultra-rapid or ultradian cycling | 7 (54) | 8 (38) | 22 (65) | 0.17 | |
| Severe impairment at baseline | 7 (54) | 14 (67) | 25 (74) | 0.44 |
Figure 2.
One-year prevalences of comorbid psychiatric disorders.
a Compared to syndromatic and symptomatic remission. b Compared to symptomatic persistence. *P<0.05, **P<0.005, ***P<0.001
Figure 3.
Current (last month) global functioning and one-year prevalence of school functioning.
a Compared to syndromatic and symptomatic remission.b Compared to symptomatic persistence. *P<0.05, **P<0.005. ***P<0.001
Figure 4.
Family history (FHx) of psychiatric disorders.