Figure 1.
Characteristics of mothers’ egocentric social networks at baseline and post-intervention
| Mother network characteristic (% of mothers’ social network ties that are…) | Baseline M (SD) | Post-intervention M (SD) |
|---|---|---|
| Health influence relationships (%) | ||
| Provides health information/advice | 74.3 (28.2) | 66.7 (31.8) |
| Encourages health | 68.8 (34.9) | 73.9 (30.1) |
| Eat/prepare food with | 47.2 (24.9) | 49.3 (24.3) |
| Do physical activity with | 42.4 (30.3) | 42.0 (25.1) |
| Health barrier | 19.6 (25.8) | 12.3 (15.3) |
| Female (%) | 59.6 (21.8) | 60.9 (20.5) |
| Relationship type (%) | ||
| Family | 64.9 (26.8) | 66.7 (24.6) |
| Friend | 19.7 (23.6) | 23.2 (24.0) |
| Spouse/boyfriend | 8.5 (8.7) | 10.1 (9.7) |
| Location (%) | ||
| Same household | 25.1 (21.9) | 29.0 (15.3) |
| Same neighborhood | 31.0 (33.9) | 24.6 (25.6) |
| Contact daily or almost daily (%) | 40.4 (30.6) | 50.0 (20.7) |
| Network density | 0.77 (0.28) | 0.85 (0.17) |
Correlations between mothers’ social network characteristics (B = baseline and P = post-intervention) and mother and infant health outcomes post-intervention
| Mother network characteristic | Mother outcomes | Infant outcomes | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMI | SSB serves/day | Fruit serves/day | Veg serves/day | Step count/day | WLZ | SSB serves/day | |
| Health relationships (%) | |||||||
| Provides health info/advice | .41* (B) | ||||||
| Encourages health | −.42+ (P) | .50* (B) | |||||
| Eat/prepare food with | −.38+ (B) | −.39+ (P) | |||||
| Do physical activity with | |||||||
| Health barrier | .37+ (B) | ||||||
| % female | −.50* (P) | .37+ (P) | −.64* (P) | ||||
| Relationship type (%) | |||||||
| Family | −.46* (P) | .47* (B) | |||||
| Friend | .64* (P) | ||||||
| Spouse/boyfriend | |||||||
| Location (%) | |||||||
| Same household | −.39+ (P) | .41+ (P) | |||||
| Same neighborhood | |||||||
| Same household or neighborhood | .42* (P) | .43+ (P) | |||||
| Contact daily/almost daily (%) | −.43* (B) | .53* (P) | |||||
| Network density | −.61* (B) | ||||||
Descriptive statistics of change in the mother and infant outcomes by study condition (N = 26 dyads)
| Change score (post - baseline) | Intervention | Control | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | N | M | SD | N | |
| Mother | ||||||
| weight in kg | −0.53 | 3.83 | 16 | 0.00 | 3.08 | 8 |
| BMI | −0.07 | 1.46 | 14 | −0.04 | 1.16 | 8 |
| SSB serves/day | 0.22 | 2.43 | 17 | 0.92 | 2.75 | 9 |
| fruit serves/day | −0.14 | 0.92 | 17 | −0.19 | 4.38 | 9 |
| vegetable serves/day | 0.47 | 1.49 | 17 | 0.09 | 2.17 | 9 |
| steps/day | −977 | 4028 | 8 | −3467 | 3536 | 2 |
| Infant | ||||||
| WLZ | 1.58 | 2.61 | 13 | −0.29 | 1.23 | 7 |
| SSB serves/day | 0.11 | 0.30 | 16 | 0.94 | 1.45 | 8 |
Descriptive statistics of mother and infant demographics and outcomes (N = 26 dyads)
| Mother or infant characteristic | Baseline | Post-intervention |
|---|---|---|
| M (SD) / N (%) | M (SD) / N (%) | |
| Mother demographics | ||
| M (SD) age in years at baseline | 28.4 (7.6) | |
| Race/ethnicity (%)a | ||
| Hispanic/Latina | 21 (80.1) | |
| Black/African American | 2 (7.7) | |
| White, non-Hispanic | 6 (23.1) | |
| Annual household income (%)b | ||
| $9,999 or less | 8 (30.8) | |
| $10,000 - $29,999 | 12 (46.2) | |
| $30,000 - $49,999 | 4 (15.4) | |
| $50,000 - $69,999 | 1 (3.8) | |
| Marital status (%)b | ||
| Single | 13 (52.0) | |
| Married | 7 (28.0) | |
| Divorced | 1 (4.0) | |
| Living with spouse | 4 (16.0) | |
| Infant demographics | ||
| M (SD) age in months at baseline | 3.8 (2.7) | |
| Female (%) | 16 (61.5) | |
| Intervention arm (%) | 17 (65.4) | |
| Mother health outcomes | ||
| M (SD) BMIc | 29.2 (5.9) | 29.1 (6.5) |
| N (%) overweight/obese | 18 (69.2) | 19 (73.1) |
| M (SD) SSBd serves/day | 1.0 (1.0) | 1.5 (2.3) |
| M (SD) fruit serves/day | 1.0 (1.6) | 0.9 (2.2) |
| M (SD) vegetable serves/day | 0.7 (0.9) | 1.0 (1.5) |
| M (SD) steps/day | 3996 (1713) | 4162 (2922) |
| Infant health outcomes | ||
| M (SD) WLZe | −0.46 (2.3) | 0.70 (2.3) |
| N (%) at risk for overweight | 5 (29.4) | 6 (25.0) |
| M (SD) SSBd serves/day | 0.04 (0.2) | 0.4 (1.0) |
Correlations between mothers’ social network characteristics (B = baseline and P = post-intervention) and change in mother and infant health outcomes
| Mother network characteristic | Mother outcomes | Infant outcomes | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Change in kg | Change in SSB serves/day | Change in Fruit serves/day | Change in vegetable serves/day | Change in step count/day | Change in WLZ | Change in SSB serves/day | |
| Health relationships (%) | |||||||
| Provides health info/advice | |||||||
| Encourages health | .39+ (P) | ||||||
| Eat/prepare food with | |||||||
| Do physical activity with | −.56+ (P) | ||||||
| Health barrier | .41* (P) | ||||||
| % female | .37+ (P) | .75* (P) | |||||
| Relationship type (%) | |||||||
| Family | .39+ (P) | −.38+ (B) | |||||
| Friend | .61* (P) | ||||||
| Spouse/boyfriend | .45+ (P) | ||||||
| Location (%) | |||||||
| Same household | −.55* (P) | .48* (B) | |||||
| Same neighborhood | .49* (P) | .34+ (P) | .50* (P) | ||||
| Contact daily/almost daily (%) | −.48* (B) | .68** (B) | .48* (P) | ||||
| Network density | −.43* (P) | −.53* (B) | |||||