Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Review: comparing platelet compatibility to red cell compatibility protocols Cover

Review: comparing platelet compatibility to red cell compatibility protocols

Immunohematology
Volume 11 (1995): Issue 4 (December 1995)
By:
Paid access
|Nov 2020

References

  1. Surgenor DM, Wallas EL, Hao SHS, Chapman RH. Collection and transfusion of blood in the United States, 1982-1988. New Eng J Med 1990;322:1646–51.<dgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi="http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref" pub-id-type="doi"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199006073222306" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1056/NEJM199006073222306</a></dgdoi:pub-id><dgpm:pub-id xmlns:dgpm="http://degruyter.com/resources/fetched-pubmed-id" pub-id-type="pmid">2342524</dgpm:pub-id>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  2. Mollison PL, Engelfriet CP, Contreras M. Blood transfusion in clinical medicine. 9th ed. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications 1993;391-4;112;453.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  3. Tomasulo PA, Petz LD. Platelet transfusions. In: Petz LD, Swisher SN, eds. Clinical practice of transfusion medicine. 2nd ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1989:427–87.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  4. Slichter SJ. Platelet alloimmunization. In: Anderson KC, Ness PM, eds. Scientific basis of transfusion medicine. Implications for clinical practice. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co., 1994:527–8.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  5. Dutcher JP, Schiffer CA, Aisner J, Wiernik PH. Long-term followup of patients with leukemia receiving platelet transfusions: identification of a large group of patients who do not become alloimmunized. Blood 1981;58:1007–11.<dgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi="http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref" pub-id-type="doi"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.V58.5.1007.1007" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1182/blood.V58.5.1007.1007</a></dgdoi:pub-id>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  6. Holohan TV, Terasaki PI, Deisseroth AB. Suppression of transfusion-related alloimmunization in intensively treated cancer patients. Blood 1981;58:122–8.<dgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi="http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref" pub-id-type="doi"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.V58.1.122.122" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1182/blood.V58.1.122.122</a></dgdoi:pub-id>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  7. Kickler TS. Platelet immunology. In: Anderson KC, Ness PM, eds. Scientific basis of transfusion medicine. Implications for clinical practice. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co., 1994:308.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  8. Walker RH, ed. Technical manual. 11th ed. Bethesda, MD: American Association of Blood Banks, 1993:309–15.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  9. Hogge DE, Dutcher JP, Aisner J, Schiffer CA. Lymphocytotoxic antibody as a predictor of response to random donor platelet transfusion. Am J Hematol 1983;14:363–9.<dgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi="http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref" pub-id-type="doi"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ajh.2830140407" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1002/ajh.2830140407</a></dgdoi:pub-id><dgpm:pub-id xmlns:dgpm="http://degruyter.com/resources/fetched-pubmed-id" pub-id-type="pmid">6859034</dgpm:pub-id>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  10. Comenzo RL, Malachowski MD, Berkman EM. Determining the dose of platelets for transfusion. In: Kurtz SR, Brubaker DB, eds. Clinical decisions in platelet therapy. Bethesda, MD: American Association of Blood Banks, 1992:6–7.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  11. Daly PA, Schiffer CA, Aisner J, Wiernik PH. Platelet transfusion therapy: one-hour post-transfusion increments are valuable in predicting the need for HLA-matched preparations. JAMA 1980;243:435–8.<dgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi="http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref" pub-id-type="doi"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1980.03300310023016" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1001/jama.1980.03300310023016</a></dgdoi:pub-id>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  12. O’Connell B, Lee EJ, Schiffer CA. The value of the 10-minute posttransfusion platelet counts. Transfusion 1988;28:66–7.<dgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi="http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref" pub-id-type="doi"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1537-2995.1988.28188127957.x" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1046/j.1537-2995.1988.28188127957.x</a></dgdoi:pub-id><dgpm:pub-id xmlns:dgpm="http://degruyter.com/resources/fetched-pubmed-id" pub-id-type="pmid">3341070</dgpm:pub-id>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  13. Duquesnoy RJ, Anderson AJ, Tomasulo PA, et al. ABO incompatibility and platelet transfusions of alloimmunized thrombocytopenic patients. Blood 1979;54:595–9.<dgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi="http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref" pub-id-type="doi"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.V54.3.595.595" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1182/blood.V54.3.595.595</a></dgdoi:pub-id>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  14. Brand A, Sintnicolaas K, Claas FHJ, Eernisse JG. ABH antibodies causing platelet refractoriness. Transfusion 1986;26:463–6.<dgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi="http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref" pub-id-type="doi"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1537-2995.1986.26587020127.x" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1046/j.1537-2995.1986.26587020127.x</a></dgdoi:pub-id><dgpm:pub-id xmlns:dgpm="http://degruyter.com/resources/fetched-pubmed-id" pub-id-type="pmid">3532447</dgpm:pub-id>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  15. Heal JM, Blumberg N, Masel D. An evaluation of crossmatching, HLA and ABO matching for platelet transfusions to refractory patients. Blood 1987;70:23–30.<dgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi="http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref" pub-id-type="doi"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.V70.1.23.23" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1182/blood.V70.1.23.23</a></dgdoi:pub-id>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  16. Lee EJ, Schiffer CA. ABO compatibility can influence the results of platelet transfusion: results of a randomized trial. Transfusion 1989;29:384–9.<dgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi="http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref" pub-id-type="doi"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1537-2995.1989.29589284135.x" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1046/j.1537-2995.1989.29589284135.x</a></dgdoi:pub-id><dgpm:pub-id xmlns:dgpm="http://degruyter.com/resources/fetched-pubmed-id" pub-id-type="pmid">2660333</dgpm:pub-id>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  17. Carr R, Hutton JL, Jenkins JA, et al. Transfusion of ABO-mismatched platelets leads to early platelet refractoriness. Br J Haematol 1990;75:408–13.<dgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi="http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref" pub-id-type="doi"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2141.1990.tb04356.x" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1111/j.1365-2141.1990.tb04356.x</a></dgdoi:pub-id>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  18. Zoes C, Dube VE, Miller HJ, et al. Anti-A<sub>1</sub> in the plasma of platelet concentrates causing hemolytic reaction. Transfusion 1977;17:29–32.<dgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi="http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref" pub-id-type="doi"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1537-2995.1977.17177128880.x" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1046/j.1537-2995.1977.17177128880.x</a></dgdoi:pub-id>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  19. McLeod BC, Sassetti RJ, Weens JH, et al. Hemolytic transfusion reaction due to ABO-incompatibile plasma in platelet concentrate. Scan J Haematol 1982;28:193–6.<dgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi="http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref" pub-id-type="doi"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0609.1982.tb00514.x" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1111/j.1600-0609.1982.tb00514.x</a></dgdoi:pub-id>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  20. Conway LT, Scott EP. Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction due to ABO incompatible plasma in a plateletpheresis concentrate (letter). Transfusion 1984;24:413–4.<dgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi="http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref" pub-id-type="doi"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1537-2995.1984.24585017836.x" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1046/j.1537-2995.1984.24585017836.x</a></dgdoi:pub-id>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  21. Pierce RN, Reich LM, Mayer K. Hemolysis following platelet transfusions from ABO-incompatible donors. Transfusion 1985;25:60–2.<dgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi="http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref" pub-id-type="doi"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1537-2995.1985.25185116506.x" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1046/j.1537-2995.1985.25185116506.x</a></dgdoi:pub-id>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  22. Murphy MF, Hook S, Waters AH, et al. Acute haemolysis after ABO-incompatible platelet transfusions. Lancet 1990;1:974.<dgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi="http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref" pub-id-type="doi"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(90)91040-H" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1016/0140-6736(90)91040-H</a></dgdoi:pub-id>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  23. Goldfinger D, McGinniss MH. Rh-incompatible platelet transfusion—risks and consequences of sensitizing immunosuppressed patients. N Engl J Med 1971;284:942–4.<dgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi="http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref" pub-id-type="doi"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM197104292841704" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1056/NEJM197104292841704</a></dgdoi:pub-id><dgpm:pub-id xmlns:dgpm="http://degruyter.com/resources/fetched-pubmed-id" pub-id-type="pmid">4994614</dgpm:pub-id>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  24. Murphy MF, Waters AH. Immunological aspects of platelet transfusions. Br J Haematol 1985;60:409.<dgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi="http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref" pub-id-type="doi"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2141.1985.tb07437.x" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1111/j.1365-2141.1985.tb07437.x</a></dgdoi:pub-id><dgpm:pub-id xmlns:dgpm="http://degruyter.com/resources/fetched-pubmed-id" pub-id-type="pmid">4015986</dgpm:pub-id>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  25. Kickler TS. The platelet transfusion refractory state: transfusion practices and clinical management. In: Kurtz SR, Brubaker DB, eds. Clinical decisions in platelet therapy. Bethesda, MD: American Association of Blood Banks, 1992;97:89–92.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  26. Pegels JG, Bruynes ECE, Englefriet CP, von dem Bourne AEGKr. Serological studies in patients on platelet and granulocyte substitution therapy. Br J Haematol 1982;52:59–68.<dgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi="http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref" pub-id-type="doi"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2141.1982.tb03861.x" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1111/j.1365-2141.1982.tb03861.x</a></dgdoi:pub-id><dgpm:pub-id xmlns:dgpm="http://degruyter.com/resources/fetched-pubmed-id" pub-id-type="pmid">7115629</dgpm:pub-id>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  27. Duquesnoy RJ, Filip DJ, Rodney GE, et al. Successful transfusion of platelets “mismatched” for HLA antigens to alloimmunized thrombocytopenic patients. Am J Hematol 1977;2:219–26.<dgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi="http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref" pub-id-type="doi"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ajh.2830020303" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1002/ajh.2830020303</a></dgdoi:pub-id><dgpm:pub-id xmlns:dgpm="http://degruyter.com/resources/fetched-pubmed-id" pub-id-type="pmid">596366</dgpm:pub-id>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  28. Dahlke MB, Weiss KL. Platelet transfusion from donor mismatched for crossreactive HLA antigens. Transfusion 1984;24:299–302.<dgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi="http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref" pub-id-type="doi"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1537-2995.1984.24484275567.x" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1046/j.1537-2995.1984.24484275567.x</a></dgdoi:pub-id><dgpm:pub-id xmlns:dgpm="http://degruyter.com/resources/fetched-pubmed-id" pub-id-type="pmid">6464151</dgpm:pub-id>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  29. Schiffer CA, O’Connell B, Lee EJ. Platelet transfusion therapy for alloimmunized patients. Selective mismatching for HLA B12, an antigen with variable expression on platelets. Blood 1989;74:1172–6.<dgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi="http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref" pub-id-type="doi"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.V74.3.1172.1172" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1182/blood.V74.3.1172.1172</a></dgdoi:pub-id>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  30. O’Connell BA, Schiffer CA. Donor selection for alloimmunized patients by platelet crossmatching of random-donor platelet concentrates. Transfusion 1990;30:314–7.<dgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi="http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref" pub-id-type="doi"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1537-2995.1990.30490273438.x" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1046/j.1537-2995.1990.30490273438.x</a></dgdoi:pub-id><dgpm:pub-id xmlns:dgpm="http://degruyter.com/resources/fetched-pubmed-id" pub-id-type="pmid">2349631</dgpm:pub-id>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  31. Kickler TS, Kennedy SD, Braine HG. Alloimmunization to platelet specific antigens on GPIIB-IIIA in multitransfused thrombocytopenic patients. Transfusion 1990;30:622–5.<dgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi="http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref" pub-id-type="doi"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1537-2995.1990.30790385520.x" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1046/j.1537-2995.1990.30790385520.x</a></dgdoi:pub-id><dgpm:pub-id xmlns:dgpm="http://degruyter.com/resources/fetched-pubmed-id" pub-id-type="pmid">2402776</dgpm:pub-id>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  32. McGrath K, Wolf M, Bishop J, et al. Transient platelet and HLA antibody formation in multitransfused patients with malignancy. Br J Haematol 1988;68:345–50.<dgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi="http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref" pub-id-type="doi"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2141.1988.tb04212.x" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1111/j.1365-2141.1988.tb04212.x</a></dgdoi:pub-id><dgpm:pub-id xmlns:dgpm="http://degruyter.com/resources/fetched-pubmed-id" pub-id-type="pmid">3355793</dgpm:pub-id>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  33. Capture-P® direction circular. Norcross, GA: Immucor, Inc.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  34. MCP® direction circular, Norcross, GA: Immucor, Inc.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  35. Capture-P® Ready-Screen® direction circular. Norcross, GA: Immucor, Inc.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  36. GTI-PAK<sup>TM</sup> 2 direction circular. Brookville, WI: GTI.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  37. Thrombomatch EIA direction circular. Dreieich, Germany: Biotest.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  38. Freedman J, Hooi C, Garvey MB. Prospective platelet crossmatching for selection of compatible random donors. Br J Haematol 1984;56:9–18.<dgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi="http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref" pub-id-type="doi"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2141.1984.tb01267.x" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1111/j.1365-2141.1984.tb01267.x</a></dgdoi:pub-id><dgpm:pub-id xmlns:dgpm="http://degruyter.com/resources/fetched-pubmed-id" pub-id-type="pmid">6367808</dgpm:pub-id>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  39. Ware R, Reisner EG, Rosse WF. The use of radiolabeled and fluorescein-labeled antiglobulins in assays to predict platelet transfusion outcome. Blood 1984;63:1245–8.<dgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi="http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref" pub-id-type="doi"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.V63.5.1245.1245" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1182/blood.V63.5.1245.1245</a></dgdoi:pub-id>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  40. Rachel JM, Sinor LT, Tawfik OW, et al. A solid-phase red cell adherence test for platelet cross-matching. Med Lab Sci 1985;42:194–5.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  41. Freedman J, Gafni A, Garvey MB, Blanchette V. A cost-effective evaluation of platelet crossmatching and HLA matching in the management of alloimmunized thrombocytopenic patients. Transfusion 1989;29:201–7.<dgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi="http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref" pub-id-type="doi"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1537-2995.1989.29389162723.x" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1046/j.1537-2995.1989.29389162723.x</a></dgdoi:pub-id><dgpm:pub-id xmlns:dgpm="http://degruyter.com/resources/fetched-pubmed-id" pub-id-type="pmid">2493693</dgpm:pub-id>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  42. Kickler TS, Ness PM, Braine HG. Platelet crossmatching: a direct approach to the selection of platelet transfusions for the alloimmunized thrombocytopenic patient. Am J Clin Pathol 1988;90:69–72.<dgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi="http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref" pub-id-type="doi"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/90.1.69" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1093/ajcp/90.1.69</a></dgdoi:pub-id><dgpm:pub-id xmlns:dgpm="http://degruyter.com/resources/fetched-pubmed-id" pub-id-type="pmid">3389345</dgpm:pub-id>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  43. Rachel JM, Summers TC, Sinor LT, Plapp FV. Use of a solid phase red blood cell adherence method for pretransfusion platelet compatibility testing. Am J Clin Pathol 1988;90:63–8.<dgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi="http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref" pub-id-type="doi"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/90.1.63" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1093/ajcp/90.1.63</a></dgdoi:pub-id><dgpm:pub-id xmlns:dgpm="http://degruyter.com/resources/fetched-pubmed-id" pub-id-type="pmid">3389344</dgpm:pub-id>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  44. O’Connell BA, Lee EJ, Rothko K, et al. Selection of histocompatible apheresis platelet donors by crossmatching random donor platelet concentrates. Blood 1992;79:527–31.<dgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi="http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref" pub-id-type="doi"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.V79.2.527.527" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1182/blood.V79.2.527.527</a></dgdoi:pub-id>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  45. Lee EJ, Schiffer CA. Serial measurement of lymphocytotoxic antibody and response to nonmatched platelet transfusions in alloimmunized patients. Blood 1987;70:1727–9.<dgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi="http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref" pub-id-type="doi"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.V70.6.1727.1727" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1182/blood.V70.6.1727.1727</a></dgdoi:pub-id>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/immunohematology-2019-804 | Journal eISSN: 1930-3955 | Journal ISSN: 0894-203X
Journal RSS Feed
Language: English
Page range: 133 - 139
Published on: Nov 17, 2020
Published by: American National Red Cross
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 times per year
Related subjects:
Medicine,
Clinical medicine,
Laboratory medicine

© 2020 S. Rolih, published by American National Red Cross
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons License.

Previous articleVolume 11 (1995): Issue 4 (December 1995)Next article