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Implementation of a low cost, solar charged RF modem for underwater wireless sensor networks

Open Access
|Jul 2020

Figures & Tables

Figure 1:

Server node schematic. The RF transceiver is used for UWC, while the Wi-Fi module is used for communication with the server.
Server node schematic. The RF transceiver is used for UWC, while the Wi-Fi module is used for communication with the server.

Figure 2:

Terminal node schematic. The temperature sensor is used to collect data to be sent of the server.
Terminal node schematic. The temperature sensor is used to collect data to be sent of the server.

Figure 3:

Solar charging circuit connection. The circuit is used to self-power the underwater node.
Solar charging circuit connection. The circuit is used to self-power the underwater node.

Figure 4:

(A) Printed circuit board used in combing RF modem, (B) modem final form showing the antenna, the temperature sensor, and the solar cell.
(A) Printed circuit board used in combing RF modem, (B) modem final form showing the antenna, the temperature sensor, and the solar cell.

Figure 5:

Wireless sensor network configuration for the normal mode.
Wireless sensor network configuration for the normal mode.

Figure 6:

Wireless sensor network configuration for the handover mode.
Wireless sensor network configuration for the handover mode.

Figure 7:

ThingSpeak platform visualization for temperature measurements under normal mode.
ThingSpeak platform visualization for temperature measurements under normal mode.

Figure 8:

Throughput vs. depth in normal mode and handover mode.
Throughput vs. depth in normal mode and handover mode.

Cost analysis for underwater terminal modem_

ComponentsNo. of componentsCost per component (EGP)Cost (EGP)
Diodes10.750.75
T blocks224
Arduino Nano19090
RF Tx/Rx pair1120120
Waterproof temperature sensor16060
DC–DC16565
Lithium battery charger module13535
Battery15050
Battery holder11010
PCB implementation1100100
Resistors10.250.25
Total535 (about $34)

Cost analysis for the overall system_

ComponentsNo. of componentsCost per component (EGP)Cost (EGP)
Diodes30.752.25
T blocks6212
Arduino Nano390270
RF Tx/Rx pair2120240
Waterproof temperature sensor260120
Wi-Fi module (ESP8266)16060
DC–DC365195
Lithium battery charger module335103
Battery350150
Battery holder31030
PCB implementation3100300
Resistors40.251
Water tank120002000
Tank requirements1600600
Total4083 (about $260)

Cost analysis for sever modem_

ComponentsNo. of componentsCost per component (EGP)Cost (EGP)
Diodes10.750.75
T blocks224
Arduino Nano19090
RF Tx/Rx pair1120120
Wi-Fi Module (ESP8266)13535
DC–DC16565
Lithium battery charger module13535
Battery15050
Battery holder11010
PCB Implementation1100100
Total509.75 (about $33)
Language: English
Page range: 1 - 11
Submitted on: May 11, 2020
Published on: Jul 29, 2020
Published by: Professor Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

© 2020 Mohammad M. Abdellatif, Salma M. Maher, Ghazal M. Al-sayyad, Sameh O. Abdellatif, published by Professor Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.