Figure 1:
(A) SMA rod under torsion; (B) SMA spring under deformation.
Figure 2:
(A) Recovery force of SMA spring; (B) observed hysteresis in simulation results.
Figure 3:
The experimental setup for testing SMA spring.
Figure 4:
Loadings and unloading at different temperatures and constant loading rate (A) before rescaling; (B) after rescaling.
Figure 5:
Comparison of numerical and experimental SMA spring responses at 50°C.
Figure 6:
Comparison of numerical and experimental SMA spring responses at (70°C).
Figure 7:
Comparison of numerical and experimental SMA spring responses at 90°C.
Figure 8:
Comparison of numerical and experimental SMA spring responses.
Figure A1:
(A) the SMA spring sample; (B) the SMA spring heating chamber.