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Mapping Gray Maritime Networks Cover

Mapping Gray Maritime Networks

Connections
Volume 39 (2019): Issue 1 (January 2019)
By: Wayne Porter,  Rob Schroeder,  Chris Callaghan,  Albert Barreto,  Sam Bussell,  Brian Young,  Manuel Loewer,  Daniel Funk and  Janet von Eiff  
Open Access
|Oct 2019

Figures & Tables

Figure 1:

February 2015 network (left) and activity (right). Nodes sized by betweenness cetrality and colored by vessell type (Yellow – TUGs/Pilot Boats, Teal – Cargo, Red – DREDGERs/Specialized Ships, Blue – Offshore Supply, Light Green – CoastGuard, and Other/Unknown – Gray). On right, lines of a Ship’s Track are colored by type of vessel with islands indicated as blue circle and ports as green circles.
February 2015 network (left) and activity (right). Nodes sized by betweenness cetrality and colored by vessell type (Yellow – TUGs/Pilot Boats, Teal – Cargo, Red – DREDGERs/Specialized Ships, Blue – Offshore Supply, Light Green – CoastGuard, and Other/Unknown – Gray). On right, lines of a Ship’s Track are colored by type of vessel with islands indicated as blue circle and ports as green circles.

Figure 2:

April 2015 network (left) and activity (right). Nodes sized by betweenness cetrality and colored by vessell type (Yellow – TUGs/pilot boats, TEAL – Cargo, Red – DREDGERs/Specialized Ships, Blue – Offshore Supply, Light Green – Coastguard, Tanker – Brown, and Other/Unknown – Gray). On right, lines of a ship’s track are colored by type of vessel with islands indicated as blue circle and ports as green circles.
April 2015 network (left) and activity (right). Nodes sized by betweenness cetrality and colored by vessell type (Yellow – TUGs/pilot boats, TEAL – Cargo, Red – DREDGERs/Specialized Ships, Blue – Offshore Supply, Light Green – Coastguard, Tanker – Brown, and Other/Unknown – Gray). On right, lines of a ship’s track are colored by type of vessel with islands indicated as blue circle and ports as green circles.

Figure 3:

November 2015 network (left) and activity (Right). Nodes sized by betweenness cetrality and colored by vessell type (Yellow – TUGs/Pilot Boats, TEAL – Cargo, Red – DREDGERs/Specialized Ships, Blue – Offshore Supply, Light GREEN – Coastguard, Tanker – Brown, Fishing Vessel Purple, and Other/Unknown – Gray). On right, lines of a ship’s track are colored by type of vessel with islands indicated as blue circle and ports as green circles.
November 2015 network (left) and activity (Right). Nodes sized by betweenness cetrality and colored by vessell type (Yellow – TUGs/Pilot Boats, TEAL – Cargo, Red – DREDGERs/Specialized Ships, Blue – Offshore Supply, Light GREEN – Coastguard, Tanker – Brown, Fishing Vessel Purple, and Other/Unknown – Gray). On right, lines of a ship’s track are colored by type of vessel with islands indicated as blue circle and ports as green circles.

Figure 4:

Location to location network, nodes size by authority score and colored with Spratley islands (Orange), Paracel Islands (Purple), and Ports (Green).
Location to location network, nodes size by authority score and colored with Spratley islands (Orange), Paracel Islands (Purple), and Ports (Green).

Figure 5:

Network of companies with entities explicitly part of the Chinese Government highlighted in orange (left). Network on right shows companies with Chinese Government and isolates removed. Nodes sized by inverse constraint, colored by component with CCCC component – Red, COSCO and China Huaneng Group – Blue.
Network of companies with entities explicitly part of the Chinese Government highlighted in orange (left). Network on right shows companies with Chinese Government and isolates removed. Nodes sized by inverse constraint, colored by component with CCCC component – Red, COSCO and China Huaneng Group – Blue.

Top 10 companies with lowest constraint_

NameConstraintComponent color
China Communications Construction Company Ltd (CCCC)0.162Red
Shenzhen Ocean Shipping Co Ltd (COSCO SHENZHEN)0.275Blue
CCCC Tianjin Dredging Co Ltd0.309Red
China Huaneng Group Co Ltd0.321Blue
China COSCO Shipping Corp Ltd0.328Blue
CCCC Shanghai Dredging Co Ltd0.331Red
COSCO Shipping Seafarer Mgmt0.355Blue
Tianjin Cosbulk Ship Mgmt0.361Blue
ICBC Financial Leasing Co Ltd0.367Blue
COSCO Bulk Carrier Co Ltd (COSCO BULK)0.368Blue

Relationship codebook_

RelationshipTypeDefinition
Ship co-locationOne-modeFor each month, a ship-to-ship network was created by determining whether the ships were co-located within 3 km of each other at the same time based on route trajectories (excluding major ports)
Ship at locationTwo-modeA ship was considered to be arriving at a port or island if it broadcast an AIS location within a certain distance threshold (five nautical miles). If a ship’s location was determined to be within the threshold for multiple ports, the closest port was considered its destination
Ship to companyTwo-modeA ship was tied to a company when a company was listed as the ship’s owner, operator, document compliance company, manager, or technical manager
Company to companyOne-modeA subsidiary company was tied to its parent company

Top 10 hubs and authorities_

Top 10 hubsHub scoreTop 10 authoritiesAuthority score
Fiery Cross Reef1.000Mischief Reef1.000
Johnson Reef South0.698Fiery Cross Reef0.682
Mischief Reef0.683Subi Reef0.567
Subi Reef0.660Johnson Reef South0.513
Hughes Reef0.406Gaven Reef0.380
Gaven Reef0.366Hughes Reef0.369
Sanya (Port)0.352Sanya (Port)0.289
Second Thomas Reef0.346Cuarteron Reef0.219
Cuarteron Reef0.190Second Thomas Reef0.164
Basuo (Port)0.128Basuo (Port)0.102

Temporal network level metrics_

TimePeriodSizeEdgesAverage degreeAverage clustering coefficientDegree centralizationBetweenness centralization
T0November 201434412.4120.4220.1030.013
T1December 201424363.0000.5610.1590.043
T2January 2015361075.9440.5780.1330.035
T3February 2015482018.3750.7080.1810.072
T4March 20157546912.5070.6910.1540.032
T5April 20158278119.0490.7110.2060.048
T6May 20159989818.1410.6570.1380.026
T8June 20151221,45123.7870.6980.1680.042
T9July 20151241,08717.5320.6610.1740.044
T10August 20159776815.8350.6870.1430.051
T11September 20159084518.7780.7290.1830.035
T12October 20157069419.8290.7300.1780.023
T13November 20156746413.8510.6140.1630.036
T14December 20156240012.9030.6940.1510.053
T15January 20166840211.8240.7000.1530.033
T16February 20165331812.0000.6770.2060.023
T17March 2016391537.8460.6530.2050.067
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/connections-2019-006 | Journal eISSN: 2816-4245 | Journal ISSN: 0226-1766
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Language: English
Page range: 1 - 12
Published on: Oct 23, 2019
Published by: International Network for Social Network Analysis (INSNA)
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year
Keywords:
Topographic/sociogram depictions,
Maritime domain awareness,
Real-time awareness and tracking,
Gray maritime network,
Artificial reef enhancement,
South China Sea,
Social (maritime) network analysis
Related subjects:
Social sciences,
Social sciences, other

© 2019 Wayne Porter, Rob Schroeder, Chris Callaghan, Albert Barreto, Sam Bussell, Brian Young, Manuel Loewer, Daniel Funk, Janet von Eiff, published by International Network for Social Network Analysis (INSNA)
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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