Figure 1:
Figure 2
Longitudinal data of comments and the content of family complaints about nursing
| No. of comments | No. of complaints | Content of complaints | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3 years prior | 4 | 1 | Method of nurses’ care of patients |
| 2 years prior | 11 | 4 | Method of nurses’ care of and attitude toward patients |
| 1 year prior | 9 | 4 | Nurses’ attitude toward patients and families |
| 1 year after the start of research | 11 | 0 | None |
Basic attributes of nurse participants (at the time of the preliminary survey)
| N = 25 (%) | |
|---|---|
| No. of years in the nursing profession1 | |
| Novice (less than 1 yr.) | 4 (16%) |
| Competent (2-3 yrs.) | 4 (16%) |
| Proficient (3-5 yrs.) | 7 (28%) |
| Expert (5 yrs. or more) | 10 (40%) |
| Age | |
| 20s | 21 (84%) |
| 30s | 4 (16%) |
| 40s | 0 (0.0%) |
| 50s and older | 0 (0.0%) |
| Inclusion of action researchers | |
| Insider researchers2 | 12 (48%) |
| Other researchers | 13 (52%) |
Changes in autonomy, work enthusiasm, and ethics in clinical nurses’ caring for patients during action research *p < 0_05
| Scales | Points | Scores (average scores ± standard deviation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Start(N=19) | Midpoint (N=19) | Conclusion (N=13) | |||
| Ethical behavior | Total | 88 | 69.0 ± 6.5 | 69.3 ± 9.5 | 71.4 ± 9.3* |
| Respect for autonomy | 36 | 27.6 ± 2.8 | 29.7 ± 3.1 | 29.5 ± 3.7 | |
| Justice | 16 | 10.5 ± 1.7 | 11.2 ± 2.2 | 11.0 ± 2.5 | |
| Do no harm | 36 | 30.4 ± 2.8 | 31.2 ± 2.8 | 30.5 ± 3.6 | |
| Professional autonomy | Total | 235 | 147.6 ± 42.4 | 173.0 ± 20.3* | 167.4 ± 28.0 |
| Ability to make abstract judgments | 35 | 31.8 ± 9.7 | 37.1 ± 4.9 | 36.8 ± 7.6 | |
| Ability to make concrete judgments | 35 | 28.3 ± 8.9 | 32.5 ± 4.4 | 30.9 ± 5.0 | |
| Cognitive ability | 70 | 36.8 ± 9.7 | 43.3 ± 4.3* | 42.6 ± 6.8* | |
| Practical ability | 70 | 7.1 ± 2.3 | 8.3±1.4 | 7.5 ± 1.4 | |
| Ability to make inde pendent judgments | 25 | 17.1 ± 5.2 | 20.3 ± 3.0* | 19.2 ± 3.8 | |
| Work enthusiasm | Total | 75 | 54.5 ± 12.4 | 56.2 ± 12.6 | 60.2 ± 12.1* |
| Enthusiasm for current work | 50 | 34.5 ± 9.5 | 35.7 ± 8.7 | 37.7 ± 7.7* | |
| Enthusiasm for future work | 25 | 20.1 ± 3.5 | 21.4 ± 3.4 | 20.5 ± 3.5 | |
Longitudinal data of patients with restraints and stool extractions
| Period | No. of hospitalized patients | No. restrained | Percent restrained | Patients eligible for stool extraction | Percent with stool extractions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prior to R | 106 | 39 | 36.8% | 19 | 17.9% |
| Midpoint | 132 | 41 | 31.1% | 9 | 6.8%* |
| Conclusion | 83 | 18 | 21.7%* | 6 | 7.2%* |