Figure 1.
![Hysteresis curves of walls that failed diagonal tension a) shaking table tests b) QS-cyclic tests [22]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6470707b83f1392090d6986a/j_acee-2021-032_fig_001.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKCZFNO2NJ%2F20251212%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251212T182433Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEEEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIQC1BtJ%2BEZgPdRqevkjCAg0AlCeyMex%2BOgeujtH26OLuIwIgGY9NOzsuHBFf9kOGd3k7zEWc%2Bv2o0nEofeblJPEwbhMqvQUIChACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDOyTytalmxIlenueRiqaBZNjtQYJ9GDERONT2v2fKLaeZIgIYgwf8jxbnArMopG4cCyRSvSCyYkVFlDpH5Bt0H56HLf9OWwlBY2ze6g9qyualLpKA2F%2BJ7WOpt45BLLdJlH%2F%2FhE0RsF6HPBj1s7VTh6MXhwWYmZPwpfVHM0%2BCo9VtvKUPVN06bedhBRDRpgE7fVyG%2BV4K3fBtXIkPbdHMV%2FRXWn9yO6deypx39x4iVU5D%2Bmc70C%2BymY4wZu5NxgaXlRENOWtwRLYZKykYqNWcChCThlv%2BH9I2S6zA6S01HNCkPfKX1JotC61AWucPm8fxpPKMC1qLmfiUxf%2B3KY77VXOykzFri%2FP%2B6F1zkSQHd5MQP8hdYiVeeLYIPg0iio2GpqZan9mlE2KR%2FfFTW1O1DXLdPfM1bsVGGulsH0xhPOAE5Y57WvZCeRE8dIDRw4iRVD4XGfncqg6X6O9JmY72GPPDRUZ5n8m51OYQp1chB48ACT6eQKBQKLRkNF6YbDoGA6MOH1N%2FCrBF2RJUw8mN9AfeqxjzgamZZ8SDkHXjwmb%2Fco2xJt6W3lF6AwFVew6ju%2B3%2Fy1rgpEFMvMICgwLkywovMoS5mfPdmF3UZcwXBA4uVa60ab8NBj%2BgIeg0BQAuMxN9ZsV7AynB5elcoNvuUueMar9FYrZFwAj7fVPMzr2IhqLZzwoI0nI7HMGwUjINagwf9BkoAttYJZS8a45LzPpz6OFyst%2FP7KdKwCnwQDoEo%2BfhiQ%2BxQTtrEVe1DphUaR7pJinqCNN2ya%2Ba8qFDNHGSfRHovYK1FN38Lc0OFqLkZUNV5af5A3B6I0mJ4YoSJ4kANT6cu8ZyomMTfsHV14vPapQPWBf58iSABCuOw1fOTLbzaCXjGoKTxzTdNXHFnnBaNuTgVA9eDCMjfHJBjqxAb01GDKcsyIAQz0EIpr%2FQt7WrKjSmQZWtjYIw0TgGrpjr9U1qS9OY%2FEDwi69aH9gJUkslTy9xOi8g%2Bu%2FQJlCj66iZVxAfkMVGmFLNqMgWjZ6ZjaZzSNH5kfMf4NTVn1b1FNMEX9KUSoyw4VhprciMrDvZ64fSMwH9U5uAQEEfLnwunpXGCW4I7vpfkyN049CfA4grZABEmXx77LNgzhwuQERSqtCgDYmeylL3ZIvRYJHWw%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=5067b4e1abb4c7cb47c29a01af0a1077eda0d674d565d8bf7ac3f24887c15b86&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 2.
![The tensile stress at the coupled and core wall systems [27]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6470707b83f1392090d6986a/j_acee-2021-032_fig_002.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKCZFNO2NJ%2F20251212%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251212T182433Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEEEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIQC1BtJ%2BEZgPdRqevkjCAg0AlCeyMex%2BOgeujtH26OLuIwIgGY9NOzsuHBFf9kOGd3k7zEWc%2Bv2o0nEofeblJPEwbhMqvQUIChACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDOyTytalmxIlenueRiqaBZNjtQYJ9GDERONT2v2fKLaeZIgIYgwf8jxbnArMopG4cCyRSvSCyYkVFlDpH5Bt0H56HLf9OWwlBY2ze6g9qyualLpKA2F%2BJ7WOpt45BLLdJlH%2F%2FhE0RsF6HPBj1s7VTh6MXhwWYmZPwpfVHM0%2BCo9VtvKUPVN06bedhBRDRpgE7fVyG%2BV4K3fBtXIkPbdHMV%2FRXWn9yO6deypx39x4iVU5D%2Bmc70C%2BymY4wZu5NxgaXlRENOWtwRLYZKykYqNWcChCThlv%2BH9I2S6zA6S01HNCkPfKX1JotC61AWucPm8fxpPKMC1qLmfiUxf%2B3KY77VXOykzFri%2FP%2B6F1zkSQHd5MQP8hdYiVeeLYIPg0iio2GpqZan9mlE2KR%2FfFTW1O1DXLdPfM1bsVGGulsH0xhPOAE5Y57WvZCeRE8dIDRw4iRVD4XGfncqg6X6O9JmY72GPPDRUZ5n8m51OYQp1chB48ACT6eQKBQKLRkNF6YbDoGA6MOH1N%2FCrBF2RJUw8mN9AfeqxjzgamZZ8SDkHXjwmb%2Fco2xJt6W3lF6AwFVew6ju%2B3%2Fy1rgpEFMvMICgwLkywovMoS5mfPdmF3UZcwXBA4uVa60ab8NBj%2BgIeg0BQAuMxN9ZsV7AynB5elcoNvuUueMar9FYrZFwAj7fVPMzr2IhqLZzwoI0nI7HMGwUjINagwf9BkoAttYJZS8a45LzPpz6OFyst%2FP7KdKwCnwQDoEo%2BfhiQ%2BxQTtrEVe1DphUaR7pJinqCNN2ya%2Ba8qFDNHGSfRHovYK1FN38Lc0OFqLkZUNV5af5A3B6I0mJ4YoSJ4kANT6cu8ZyomMTfsHV14vPapQPWBf58iSABCuOw1fOTLbzaCXjGoKTxzTdNXHFnnBaNuTgVA9eDCMjfHJBjqxAb01GDKcsyIAQz0EIpr%2FQt7WrKjSmQZWtjYIw0TgGrpjr9U1qS9OY%2FEDwi69aH9gJUkslTy9xOi8g%2Bu%2FQJlCj66iZVxAfkMVGmFLNqMgWjZ6ZjaZzSNH5kfMf4NTVn1b1FNMEX9KUSoyw4VhprciMrDvZ64fSMwH9U5uAQEEfLnwunpXGCW4I7vpfkyN049CfA4grZABEmXx77LNgzhwuQERSqtCgDYmeylL3ZIvRYJHWw%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=127f4d4ba60c29931671bea4ff070347f41fdd66d465d9be03e97ddc732340b1&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 3.
![Pictures of tested shear walls [27]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6470707b83f1392090d6986a/j_acee-2021-032_fig_003.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKCZFNO2NJ%2F20251212%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251212T182433Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEEEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIQC1BtJ%2BEZgPdRqevkjCAg0AlCeyMex%2BOgeujtH26OLuIwIgGY9NOzsuHBFf9kOGd3k7zEWc%2Bv2o0nEofeblJPEwbhMqvQUIChACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDOyTytalmxIlenueRiqaBZNjtQYJ9GDERONT2v2fKLaeZIgIYgwf8jxbnArMopG4cCyRSvSCyYkVFlDpH5Bt0H56HLf9OWwlBY2ze6g9qyualLpKA2F%2BJ7WOpt45BLLdJlH%2F%2FhE0RsF6HPBj1s7VTh6MXhwWYmZPwpfVHM0%2BCo9VtvKUPVN06bedhBRDRpgE7fVyG%2BV4K3fBtXIkPbdHMV%2FRXWn9yO6deypx39x4iVU5D%2Bmc70C%2BymY4wZu5NxgaXlRENOWtwRLYZKykYqNWcChCThlv%2BH9I2S6zA6S01HNCkPfKX1JotC61AWucPm8fxpPKMC1qLmfiUxf%2B3KY77VXOykzFri%2FP%2B6F1zkSQHd5MQP8hdYiVeeLYIPg0iio2GpqZan9mlE2KR%2FfFTW1O1DXLdPfM1bsVGGulsH0xhPOAE5Y57WvZCeRE8dIDRw4iRVD4XGfncqg6X6O9JmY72GPPDRUZ5n8m51OYQp1chB48ACT6eQKBQKLRkNF6YbDoGA6MOH1N%2FCrBF2RJUw8mN9AfeqxjzgamZZ8SDkHXjwmb%2Fco2xJt6W3lF6AwFVew6ju%2B3%2Fy1rgpEFMvMICgwLkywovMoS5mfPdmF3UZcwXBA4uVa60ab8NBj%2BgIeg0BQAuMxN9ZsV7AynB5elcoNvuUueMar9FYrZFwAj7fVPMzr2IhqLZzwoI0nI7HMGwUjINagwf9BkoAttYJZS8a45LzPpz6OFyst%2FP7KdKwCnwQDoEo%2BfhiQ%2BxQTtrEVe1DphUaR7pJinqCNN2ya%2Ba8qFDNHGSfRHovYK1FN38Lc0OFqLkZUNV5af5A3B6I0mJ4YoSJ4kANT6cu8ZyomMTfsHV14vPapQPWBf58iSABCuOw1fOTLbzaCXjGoKTxzTdNXHFnnBaNuTgVA9eDCMjfHJBjqxAb01GDKcsyIAQz0EIpr%2FQt7WrKjSmQZWtjYIw0TgGrpjr9U1qS9OY%2FEDwi69aH9gJUkslTy9xOi8g%2Bu%2FQJlCj66iZVxAfkMVGmFLNqMgWjZ6ZjaZzSNH5kfMf4NTVn1b1FNMEX9KUSoyw4VhprciMrDvZ64fSMwH9U5uAQEEfLnwunpXGCW4I7vpfkyN049CfA4grZABEmXx77LNgzhwuQERSqtCgDYmeylL3ZIvRYJHWw%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=772d9d5d1a9280d8e5598b6942597228650dda2a3e7a8f4245ba7bf94a3eed58&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 4.
Figure 5.
![The finite element model a) shear wall b) reinforcement bars c) geometries and reinforcement details of analyzed shear wall [40]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6470707b83f1392090d6986a/j_acee-2021-032_fig_005.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKCZFNO2NJ%2F20251212%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251212T182433Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEEEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIQC1BtJ%2BEZgPdRqevkjCAg0AlCeyMex%2BOgeujtH26OLuIwIgGY9NOzsuHBFf9kOGd3k7zEWc%2Bv2o0nEofeblJPEwbhMqvQUIChACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDOyTytalmxIlenueRiqaBZNjtQYJ9GDERONT2v2fKLaeZIgIYgwf8jxbnArMopG4cCyRSvSCyYkVFlDpH5Bt0H56HLf9OWwlBY2ze6g9qyualLpKA2F%2BJ7WOpt45BLLdJlH%2F%2FhE0RsF6HPBj1s7VTh6MXhwWYmZPwpfVHM0%2BCo9VtvKUPVN06bedhBRDRpgE7fVyG%2BV4K3fBtXIkPbdHMV%2FRXWn9yO6deypx39x4iVU5D%2Bmc70C%2BymY4wZu5NxgaXlRENOWtwRLYZKykYqNWcChCThlv%2BH9I2S6zA6S01HNCkPfKX1JotC61AWucPm8fxpPKMC1qLmfiUxf%2B3KY77VXOykzFri%2FP%2B6F1zkSQHd5MQP8hdYiVeeLYIPg0iio2GpqZan9mlE2KR%2FfFTW1O1DXLdPfM1bsVGGulsH0xhPOAE5Y57WvZCeRE8dIDRw4iRVD4XGfncqg6X6O9JmY72GPPDRUZ5n8m51OYQp1chB48ACT6eQKBQKLRkNF6YbDoGA6MOH1N%2FCrBF2RJUw8mN9AfeqxjzgamZZ8SDkHXjwmb%2Fco2xJt6W3lF6AwFVew6ju%2B3%2Fy1rgpEFMvMICgwLkywovMoS5mfPdmF3UZcwXBA4uVa60ab8NBj%2BgIeg0BQAuMxN9ZsV7AynB5elcoNvuUueMar9FYrZFwAj7fVPMzr2IhqLZzwoI0nI7HMGwUjINagwf9BkoAttYJZS8a45LzPpz6OFyst%2FP7KdKwCnwQDoEo%2BfhiQ%2BxQTtrEVe1DphUaR7pJinqCNN2ya%2Ba8qFDNHGSfRHovYK1FN38Lc0OFqLkZUNV5af5A3B6I0mJ4YoSJ4kANT6cu8ZyomMTfsHV14vPapQPWBf58iSABCuOw1fOTLbzaCXjGoKTxzTdNXHFnnBaNuTgVA9eDCMjfHJBjqxAb01GDKcsyIAQz0EIpr%2FQt7WrKjSmQZWtjYIw0TgGrpjr9U1qS9OY%2FEDwi69aH9gJUkslTy9xOi8g%2Bu%2FQJlCj66iZVxAfkMVGmFLNqMgWjZ6ZjaZzSNH5kfMf4NTVn1b1FNMEX9KUSoyw4VhprciMrDvZ64fSMwH9U5uAQEEfLnwunpXGCW4I7vpfkyN049CfA4grZABEmXx77LNgzhwuQERSqtCgDYmeylL3ZIvRYJHWw%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=73b12c59f109456bf1585bf338e8fdbaf32b08924aa4d08439e2a15644e8d4fb&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 6.
![Load-displacement hysteresis curves of the shear walls [40]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6470707b83f1392090d6986a/j_acee-2021-032_fig_006.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKCZFNO2NJ%2F20251212%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251212T182433Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEEEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIQC1BtJ%2BEZgPdRqevkjCAg0AlCeyMex%2BOgeujtH26OLuIwIgGY9NOzsuHBFf9kOGd3k7zEWc%2Bv2o0nEofeblJPEwbhMqvQUIChACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDOyTytalmxIlenueRiqaBZNjtQYJ9GDERONT2v2fKLaeZIgIYgwf8jxbnArMopG4cCyRSvSCyYkVFlDpH5Bt0H56HLf9OWwlBY2ze6g9qyualLpKA2F%2BJ7WOpt45BLLdJlH%2F%2FhE0RsF6HPBj1s7VTh6MXhwWYmZPwpfVHM0%2BCo9VtvKUPVN06bedhBRDRpgE7fVyG%2BV4K3fBtXIkPbdHMV%2FRXWn9yO6deypx39x4iVU5D%2Bmc70C%2BymY4wZu5NxgaXlRENOWtwRLYZKykYqNWcChCThlv%2BH9I2S6zA6S01HNCkPfKX1JotC61AWucPm8fxpPKMC1qLmfiUxf%2B3KY77VXOykzFri%2FP%2B6F1zkSQHd5MQP8hdYiVeeLYIPg0iio2GpqZan9mlE2KR%2FfFTW1O1DXLdPfM1bsVGGulsH0xhPOAE5Y57WvZCeRE8dIDRw4iRVD4XGfncqg6X6O9JmY72GPPDRUZ5n8m51OYQp1chB48ACT6eQKBQKLRkNF6YbDoGA6MOH1N%2FCrBF2RJUw8mN9AfeqxjzgamZZ8SDkHXjwmb%2Fco2xJt6W3lF6AwFVew6ju%2B3%2Fy1rgpEFMvMICgwLkywovMoS5mfPdmF3UZcwXBA4uVa60ab8NBj%2BgIeg0BQAuMxN9ZsV7AynB5elcoNvuUueMar9FYrZFwAj7fVPMzr2IhqLZzwoI0nI7HMGwUjINagwf9BkoAttYJZS8a45LzPpz6OFyst%2FP7KdKwCnwQDoEo%2BfhiQ%2BxQTtrEVe1DphUaR7pJinqCNN2ya%2Ba8qFDNHGSfRHovYK1FN38Lc0OFqLkZUNV5af5A3B6I0mJ4YoSJ4kANT6cu8ZyomMTfsHV14vPapQPWBf58iSABCuOw1fOTLbzaCXjGoKTxzTdNXHFnnBaNuTgVA9eDCMjfHJBjqxAb01GDKcsyIAQz0EIpr%2FQt7WrKjSmQZWtjYIw0TgGrpjr9U1qS9OY%2FEDwi69aH9gJUkslTy9xOi8g%2Bu%2FQJlCj66iZVxAfkMVGmFLNqMgWjZ6ZjaZzSNH5kfMf4NTVn1b1FNMEX9KUSoyw4VhprciMrDvZ64fSMwH9U5uAQEEfLnwunpXGCW4I7vpfkyN049CfA4grZABEmXx77LNgzhwuQERSqtCgDYmeylL3ZIvRYJHWw%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=e6e68eda044a95d1338dd8fd46bdbaef7ca813ed09fde875139e24f989ea234c&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 7.
![Reinforcement layouts of shear walls [43]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6470707b83f1392090d6986a/j_acee-2021-032_fig_007.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKCZFNO2NJ%2F20251212%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251212T182433Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEEEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIQC1BtJ%2BEZgPdRqevkjCAg0AlCeyMex%2BOgeujtH26OLuIwIgGY9NOzsuHBFf9kOGd3k7zEWc%2Bv2o0nEofeblJPEwbhMqvQUIChACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDOyTytalmxIlenueRiqaBZNjtQYJ9GDERONT2v2fKLaeZIgIYgwf8jxbnArMopG4cCyRSvSCyYkVFlDpH5Bt0H56HLf9OWwlBY2ze6g9qyualLpKA2F%2BJ7WOpt45BLLdJlH%2F%2FhE0RsF6HPBj1s7VTh6MXhwWYmZPwpfVHM0%2BCo9VtvKUPVN06bedhBRDRpgE7fVyG%2BV4K3fBtXIkPbdHMV%2FRXWn9yO6deypx39x4iVU5D%2Bmc70C%2BymY4wZu5NxgaXlRENOWtwRLYZKykYqNWcChCThlv%2BH9I2S6zA6S01HNCkPfKX1JotC61AWucPm8fxpPKMC1qLmfiUxf%2B3KY77VXOykzFri%2FP%2B6F1zkSQHd5MQP8hdYiVeeLYIPg0iio2GpqZan9mlE2KR%2FfFTW1O1DXLdPfM1bsVGGulsH0xhPOAE5Y57WvZCeRE8dIDRw4iRVD4XGfncqg6X6O9JmY72GPPDRUZ5n8m51OYQp1chB48ACT6eQKBQKLRkNF6YbDoGA6MOH1N%2FCrBF2RJUw8mN9AfeqxjzgamZZ8SDkHXjwmb%2Fco2xJt6W3lF6AwFVew6ju%2B3%2Fy1rgpEFMvMICgwLkywovMoS5mfPdmF3UZcwXBA4uVa60ab8NBj%2BgIeg0BQAuMxN9ZsV7AynB5elcoNvuUueMar9FYrZFwAj7fVPMzr2IhqLZzwoI0nI7HMGwUjINagwf9BkoAttYJZS8a45LzPpz6OFyst%2FP7KdKwCnwQDoEo%2BfhiQ%2BxQTtrEVe1DphUaR7pJinqCNN2ya%2Ba8qFDNHGSfRHovYK1FN38Lc0OFqLkZUNV5af5A3B6I0mJ4YoSJ4kANT6cu8ZyomMTfsHV14vPapQPWBf58iSABCuOw1fOTLbzaCXjGoKTxzTdNXHFnnBaNuTgVA9eDCMjfHJBjqxAb01GDKcsyIAQz0EIpr%2FQt7WrKjSmQZWtjYIw0TgGrpjr9U1qS9OY%2FEDwi69aH9gJUkslTy9xOi8g%2Bu%2FQJlCj66iZVxAfkMVGmFLNqMgWjZ6ZjaZzSNH5kfMf4NTVn1b1FNMEX9KUSoyw4VhprciMrDvZ64fSMwH9U5uAQEEfLnwunpXGCW4I7vpfkyN049CfA4grZABEmXx77LNgzhwuQERSqtCgDYmeylL3ZIvRYJHWw%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=5e17257c69c3452c370e749fc2e78edf9161d247a36155716da3ee25b17075ae&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 8.
![Tensile stress-strain relationship of the reinforcements and reinforcement details of the shear walls [44]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6470707b83f1392090d6986a/j_acee-2021-032_fig_008.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKCZFNO2NJ%2F20251212%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251212T182433Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEEEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIQC1BtJ%2BEZgPdRqevkjCAg0AlCeyMex%2BOgeujtH26OLuIwIgGY9NOzsuHBFf9kOGd3k7zEWc%2Bv2o0nEofeblJPEwbhMqvQUIChACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDOyTytalmxIlenueRiqaBZNjtQYJ9GDERONT2v2fKLaeZIgIYgwf8jxbnArMopG4cCyRSvSCyYkVFlDpH5Bt0H56HLf9OWwlBY2ze6g9qyualLpKA2F%2BJ7WOpt45BLLdJlH%2F%2FhE0RsF6HPBj1s7VTh6MXhwWYmZPwpfVHM0%2BCo9VtvKUPVN06bedhBRDRpgE7fVyG%2BV4K3fBtXIkPbdHMV%2FRXWn9yO6deypx39x4iVU5D%2Bmc70C%2BymY4wZu5NxgaXlRENOWtwRLYZKykYqNWcChCThlv%2BH9I2S6zA6S01HNCkPfKX1JotC61AWucPm8fxpPKMC1qLmfiUxf%2B3KY77VXOykzFri%2FP%2B6F1zkSQHd5MQP8hdYiVeeLYIPg0iio2GpqZan9mlE2KR%2FfFTW1O1DXLdPfM1bsVGGulsH0xhPOAE5Y57WvZCeRE8dIDRw4iRVD4XGfncqg6X6O9JmY72GPPDRUZ5n8m51OYQp1chB48ACT6eQKBQKLRkNF6YbDoGA6MOH1N%2FCrBF2RJUw8mN9AfeqxjzgamZZ8SDkHXjwmb%2Fco2xJt6W3lF6AwFVew6ju%2B3%2Fy1rgpEFMvMICgwLkywovMoS5mfPdmF3UZcwXBA4uVa60ab8NBj%2BgIeg0BQAuMxN9ZsV7AynB5elcoNvuUueMar9FYrZFwAj7fVPMzr2IhqLZzwoI0nI7HMGwUjINagwf9BkoAttYJZS8a45LzPpz6OFyst%2FP7KdKwCnwQDoEo%2BfhiQ%2BxQTtrEVe1DphUaR7pJinqCNN2ya%2Ba8qFDNHGSfRHovYK1FN38Lc0OFqLkZUNV5af5A3B6I0mJ4YoSJ4kANT6cu8ZyomMTfsHV14vPapQPWBf58iSABCuOw1fOTLbzaCXjGoKTxzTdNXHFnnBaNuTgVA9eDCMjfHJBjqxAb01GDKcsyIAQz0EIpr%2FQt7WrKjSmQZWtjYIw0TgGrpjr9U1qS9OY%2FEDwi69aH9gJUkslTy9xOi8g%2Bu%2FQJlCj66iZVxAfkMVGmFLNqMgWjZ6ZjaZzSNH5kfMf4NTVn1b1FNMEX9KUSoyw4VhprciMrDvZ64fSMwH9U5uAQEEfLnwunpXGCW4I7vpfkyN049CfA4grZABEmXx77LNgzhwuQERSqtCgDYmeylL3ZIvRYJHWw%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=0841d081db6838875df48ddd4edcfd2e8a684541af97c58635862b6442663c33&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 9.
![Reinforcement details and hysteric loops of the specimens [7]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6470707b83f1392090d6986a/j_acee-2021-032_fig_009.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKCZFNO2NJ%2F20251212%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251212T182433Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEEEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIQC1BtJ%2BEZgPdRqevkjCAg0AlCeyMex%2BOgeujtH26OLuIwIgGY9NOzsuHBFf9kOGd3k7zEWc%2Bv2o0nEofeblJPEwbhMqvQUIChACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDOyTytalmxIlenueRiqaBZNjtQYJ9GDERONT2v2fKLaeZIgIYgwf8jxbnArMopG4cCyRSvSCyYkVFlDpH5Bt0H56HLf9OWwlBY2ze6g9qyualLpKA2F%2BJ7WOpt45BLLdJlH%2F%2FhE0RsF6HPBj1s7VTh6MXhwWYmZPwpfVHM0%2BCo9VtvKUPVN06bedhBRDRpgE7fVyG%2BV4K3fBtXIkPbdHMV%2FRXWn9yO6deypx39x4iVU5D%2Bmc70C%2BymY4wZu5NxgaXlRENOWtwRLYZKykYqNWcChCThlv%2BH9I2S6zA6S01HNCkPfKX1JotC61AWucPm8fxpPKMC1qLmfiUxf%2B3KY77VXOykzFri%2FP%2B6F1zkSQHd5MQP8hdYiVeeLYIPg0iio2GpqZan9mlE2KR%2FfFTW1O1DXLdPfM1bsVGGulsH0xhPOAE5Y57WvZCeRE8dIDRw4iRVD4XGfncqg6X6O9JmY72GPPDRUZ5n8m51OYQp1chB48ACT6eQKBQKLRkNF6YbDoGA6MOH1N%2FCrBF2RJUw8mN9AfeqxjzgamZZ8SDkHXjwmb%2Fco2xJt6W3lF6AwFVew6ju%2B3%2Fy1rgpEFMvMICgwLkywovMoS5mfPdmF3UZcwXBA4uVa60ab8NBj%2BgIeg0BQAuMxN9ZsV7AynB5elcoNvuUueMar9FYrZFwAj7fVPMzr2IhqLZzwoI0nI7HMGwUjINagwf9BkoAttYJZS8a45LzPpz6OFyst%2FP7KdKwCnwQDoEo%2BfhiQ%2BxQTtrEVe1DphUaR7pJinqCNN2ya%2Ba8qFDNHGSfRHovYK1FN38Lc0OFqLkZUNV5af5A3B6I0mJ4YoSJ4kANT6cu8ZyomMTfsHV14vPapQPWBf58iSABCuOw1fOTLbzaCXjGoKTxzTdNXHFnnBaNuTgVA9eDCMjfHJBjqxAb01GDKcsyIAQz0EIpr%2FQt7WrKjSmQZWtjYIw0TgGrpjr9U1qS9OY%2FEDwi69aH9gJUkslTy9xOi8g%2Bu%2FQJlCj66iZVxAfkMVGmFLNqMgWjZ6ZjaZzSNH5kfMf4NTVn1b1FNMEX9KUSoyw4VhprciMrDvZ64fSMwH9U5uAQEEfLnwunpXGCW4I7vpfkyN049CfA4grZABEmXx77LNgzhwuQERSqtCgDYmeylL3ZIvRYJHWw%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=888416a6ca2d633abcf74094ab1b31764c475c51b6909fc46351d80f65264999&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 10.
![Coupled shear wall systems [56]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6470707b83f1392090d6986a/j_acee-2021-032_fig_010.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKCZFNO2NJ%2F20251212%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251212T182433Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEEEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIQC1BtJ%2BEZgPdRqevkjCAg0AlCeyMex%2BOgeujtH26OLuIwIgGY9NOzsuHBFf9kOGd3k7zEWc%2Bv2o0nEofeblJPEwbhMqvQUIChACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDOyTytalmxIlenueRiqaBZNjtQYJ9GDERONT2v2fKLaeZIgIYgwf8jxbnArMopG4cCyRSvSCyYkVFlDpH5Bt0H56HLf9OWwlBY2ze6g9qyualLpKA2F%2BJ7WOpt45BLLdJlH%2F%2FhE0RsF6HPBj1s7VTh6MXhwWYmZPwpfVHM0%2BCo9VtvKUPVN06bedhBRDRpgE7fVyG%2BV4K3fBtXIkPbdHMV%2FRXWn9yO6deypx39x4iVU5D%2Bmc70C%2BymY4wZu5NxgaXlRENOWtwRLYZKykYqNWcChCThlv%2BH9I2S6zA6S01HNCkPfKX1JotC61AWucPm8fxpPKMC1qLmfiUxf%2B3KY77VXOykzFri%2FP%2B6F1zkSQHd5MQP8hdYiVeeLYIPg0iio2GpqZan9mlE2KR%2FfFTW1O1DXLdPfM1bsVGGulsH0xhPOAE5Y57WvZCeRE8dIDRw4iRVD4XGfncqg6X6O9JmY72GPPDRUZ5n8m51OYQp1chB48ACT6eQKBQKLRkNF6YbDoGA6MOH1N%2FCrBF2RJUw8mN9AfeqxjzgamZZ8SDkHXjwmb%2Fco2xJt6W3lF6AwFVew6ju%2B3%2Fy1rgpEFMvMICgwLkywovMoS5mfPdmF3UZcwXBA4uVa60ab8NBj%2BgIeg0BQAuMxN9ZsV7AynB5elcoNvuUueMar9FYrZFwAj7fVPMzr2IhqLZzwoI0nI7HMGwUjINagwf9BkoAttYJZS8a45LzPpz6OFyst%2FP7KdKwCnwQDoEo%2BfhiQ%2BxQTtrEVe1DphUaR7pJinqCNN2ya%2Ba8qFDNHGSfRHovYK1FN38Lc0OFqLkZUNV5af5A3B6I0mJ4YoSJ4kANT6cu8ZyomMTfsHV14vPapQPWBf58iSABCuOw1fOTLbzaCXjGoKTxzTdNXHFnnBaNuTgVA9eDCMjfHJBjqxAb01GDKcsyIAQz0EIpr%2FQt7WrKjSmQZWtjYIw0TgGrpjr9U1qS9OY%2FEDwi69aH9gJUkslTy9xOi8g%2Bu%2FQJlCj66iZVxAfkMVGmFLNqMgWjZ6ZjaZzSNH5kfMf4NTVn1b1FNMEX9KUSoyw4VhprciMrDvZ64fSMwH9U5uAQEEfLnwunpXGCW4I7vpfkyN049CfA4grZABEmXx77LNgzhwuQERSqtCgDYmeylL3ZIvRYJHWw%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=3f1299e4b60f62caa817b264d5041420a83de07bc82fbf831511be7901a71c05&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 11.
![Crack patterns of CSWs [56]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6470707b83f1392090d6986a/j_acee-2021-032_fig_011.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKCZFNO2NJ%2F20251212%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251212T182433Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEEEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIQC1BtJ%2BEZgPdRqevkjCAg0AlCeyMex%2BOgeujtH26OLuIwIgGY9NOzsuHBFf9kOGd3k7zEWc%2Bv2o0nEofeblJPEwbhMqvQUIChACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDOyTytalmxIlenueRiqaBZNjtQYJ9GDERONT2v2fKLaeZIgIYgwf8jxbnArMopG4cCyRSvSCyYkVFlDpH5Bt0H56HLf9OWwlBY2ze6g9qyualLpKA2F%2BJ7WOpt45BLLdJlH%2F%2FhE0RsF6HPBj1s7VTh6MXhwWYmZPwpfVHM0%2BCo9VtvKUPVN06bedhBRDRpgE7fVyG%2BV4K3fBtXIkPbdHMV%2FRXWn9yO6deypx39x4iVU5D%2Bmc70C%2BymY4wZu5NxgaXlRENOWtwRLYZKykYqNWcChCThlv%2BH9I2S6zA6S01HNCkPfKX1JotC61AWucPm8fxpPKMC1qLmfiUxf%2B3KY77VXOykzFri%2FP%2B6F1zkSQHd5MQP8hdYiVeeLYIPg0iio2GpqZan9mlE2KR%2FfFTW1O1DXLdPfM1bsVGGulsH0xhPOAE5Y57WvZCeRE8dIDRw4iRVD4XGfncqg6X6O9JmY72GPPDRUZ5n8m51OYQp1chB48ACT6eQKBQKLRkNF6YbDoGA6MOH1N%2FCrBF2RJUw8mN9AfeqxjzgamZZ8SDkHXjwmb%2Fco2xJt6W3lF6AwFVew6ju%2B3%2Fy1rgpEFMvMICgwLkywovMoS5mfPdmF3UZcwXBA4uVa60ab8NBj%2BgIeg0BQAuMxN9ZsV7AynB5elcoNvuUueMar9FYrZFwAj7fVPMzr2IhqLZzwoI0nI7HMGwUjINagwf9BkoAttYJZS8a45LzPpz6OFyst%2FP7KdKwCnwQDoEo%2BfhiQ%2BxQTtrEVe1DphUaR7pJinqCNN2ya%2Ba8qFDNHGSfRHovYK1FN38Lc0OFqLkZUNV5af5A3B6I0mJ4YoSJ4kANT6cu8ZyomMTfsHV14vPapQPWBf58iSABCuOw1fOTLbzaCXjGoKTxzTdNXHFnnBaNuTgVA9eDCMjfHJBjqxAb01GDKcsyIAQz0EIpr%2FQt7WrKjSmQZWtjYIw0TgGrpjr9U1qS9OY%2FEDwi69aH9gJUkslTy9xOi8g%2Bu%2FQJlCj66iZVxAfkMVGmFLNqMgWjZ6ZjaZzSNH5kfMf4NTVn1b1FNMEX9KUSoyw4VhprciMrDvZ64fSMwH9U5uAQEEfLnwunpXGCW4I7vpfkyN049CfA4grZABEmXx77LNgzhwuQERSqtCgDYmeylL3ZIvRYJHWw%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=542ce32cf319f39d97ef64603ed62212773fcfbd470e344a3b616ffc88e869a3&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 12.
![Geometry and dimensions of tested specimens [60]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6470707b83f1392090d6986a/j_acee-2021-032_fig_012.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKCZFNO2NJ%2F20251212%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251212T182433Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEEEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIQC1BtJ%2BEZgPdRqevkjCAg0AlCeyMex%2BOgeujtH26OLuIwIgGY9NOzsuHBFf9kOGd3k7zEWc%2Bv2o0nEofeblJPEwbhMqvQUIChACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDOyTytalmxIlenueRiqaBZNjtQYJ9GDERONT2v2fKLaeZIgIYgwf8jxbnArMopG4cCyRSvSCyYkVFlDpH5Bt0H56HLf9OWwlBY2ze6g9qyualLpKA2F%2BJ7WOpt45BLLdJlH%2F%2FhE0RsF6HPBj1s7VTh6MXhwWYmZPwpfVHM0%2BCo9VtvKUPVN06bedhBRDRpgE7fVyG%2BV4K3fBtXIkPbdHMV%2FRXWn9yO6deypx39x4iVU5D%2Bmc70C%2BymY4wZu5NxgaXlRENOWtwRLYZKykYqNWcChCThlv%2BH9I2S6zA6S01HNCkPfKX1JotC61AWucPm8fxpPKMC1qLmfiUxf%2B3KY77VXOykzFri%2FP%2B6F1zkSQHd5MQP8hdYiVeeLYIPg0iio2GpqZan9mlE2KR%2FfFTW1O1DXLdPfM1bsVGGulsH0xhPOAE5Y57WvZCeRE8dIDRw4iRVD4XGfncqg6X6O9JmY72GPPDRUZ5n8m51OYQp1chB48ACT6eQKBQKLRkNF6YbDoGA6MOH1N%2FCrBF2RJUw8mN9AfeqxjzgamZZ8SDkHXjwmb%2Fco2xJt6W3lF6AwFVew6ju%2B3%2Fy1rgpEFMvMICgwLkywovMoS5mfPdmF3UZcwXBA4uVa60ab8NBj%2BgIeg0BQAuMxN9ZsV7AynB5elcoNvuUueMar9FYrZFwAj7fVPMzr2IhqLZzwoI0nI7HMGwUjINagwf9BkoAttYJZS8a45LzPpz6OFyst%2FP7KdKwCnwQDoEo%2BfhiQ%2BxQTtrEVe1DphUaR7pJinqCNN2ya%2Ba8qFDNHGSfRHovYK1FN38Lc0OFqLkZUNV5af5A3B6I0mJ4YoSJ4kANT6cu8ZyomMTfsHV14vPapQPWBf58iSABCuOw1fOTLbzaCXjGoKTxzTdNXHFnnBaNuTgVA9eDCMjfHJBjqxAb01GDKcsyIAQz0EIpr%2FQt7WrKjSmQZWtjYIw0TgGrpjr9U1qS9OY%2FEDwi69aH9gJUkslTy9xOi8g%2Bu%2FQJlCj66iZVxAfkMVGmFLNqMgWjZ6ZjaZzSNH5kfMf4NTVn1b1FNMEX9KUSoyw4VhprciMrDvZ64fSMwH9U5uAQEEfLnwunpXGCW4I7vpfkyN049CfA4grZABEmXx77LNgzhwuQERSqtCgDYmeylL3ZIvRYJHWw%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=24a0d519589b4443a6c74aa74f612d2dd4fa91ecb97b60020467a2f37e9d10cd&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 13.
![Different types of CFDSP shear walls [69]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6470707b83f1392090d6986a/j_acee-2021-032_fig_013.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKCZFNO2NJ%2F20251212%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251212T182433Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEEEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIQC1BtJ%2BEZgPdRqevkjCAg0AlCeyMex%2BOgeujtH26OLuIwIgGY9NOzsuHBFf9kOGd3k7zEWc%2Bv2o0nEofeblJPEwbhMqvQUIChACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDOyTytalmxIlenueRiqaBZNjtQYJ9GDERONT2v2fKLaeZIgIYgwf8jxbnArMopG4cCyRSvSCyYkVFlDpH5Bt0H56HLf9OWwlBY2ze6g9qyualLpKA2F%2BJ7WOpt45BLLdJlH%2F%2FhE0RsF6HPBj1s7VTh6MXhwWYmZPwpfVHM0%2BCo9VtvKUPVN06bedhBRDRpgE7fVyG%2BV4K3fBtXIkPbdHMV%2FRXWn9yO6deypx39x4iVU5D%2Bmc70C%2BymY4wZu5NxgaXlRENOWtwRLYZKykYqNWcChCThlv%2BH9I2S6zA6S01HNCkPfKX1JotC61AWucPm8fxpPKMC1qLmfiUxf%2B3KY77VXOykzFri%2FP%2B6F1zkSQHd5MQP8hdYiVeeLYIPg0iio2GpqZan9mlE2KR%2FfFTW1O1DXLdPfM1bsVGGulsH0xhPOAE5Y57WvZCeRE8dIDRw4iRVD4XGfncqg6X6O9JmY72GPPDRUZ5n8m51OYQp1chB48ACT6eQKBQKLRkNF6YbDoGA6MOH1N%2FCrBF2RJUw8mN9AfeqxjzgamZZ8SDkHXjwmb%2Fco2xJt6W3lF6AwFVew6ju%2B3%2Fy1rgpEFMvMICgwLkywovMoS5mfPdmF3UZcwXBA4uVa60ab8NBj%2BgIeg0BQAuMxN9ZsV7AynB5elcoNvuUueMar9FYrZFwAj7fVPMzr2IhqLZzwoI0nI7HMGwUjINagwf9BkoAttYJZS8a45LzPpz6OFyst%2FP7KdKwCnwQDoEo%2BfhiQ%2BxQTtrEVe1DphUaR7pJinqCNN2ya%2Ba8qFDNHGSfRHovYK1FN38Lc0OFqLkZUNV5af5A3B6I0mJ4YoSJ4kANT6cu8ZyomMTfsHV14vPapQPWBf58iSABCuOw1fOTLbzaCXjGoKTxzTdNXHFnnBaNuTgVA9eDCMjfHJBjqxAb01GDKcsyIAQz0EIpr%2FQt7WrKjSmQZWtjYIw0TgGrpjr9U1qS9OY%2FEDwi69aH9gJUkslTy9xOi8g%2Bu%2FQJlCj66iZVxAfkMVGmFLNqMgWjZ6ZjaZzSNH5kfMf4NTVn1b1FNMEX9KUSoyw4VhprciMrDvZ64fSMwH9U5uAQEEfLnwunpXGCW4I7vpfkyN049CfA4grZABEmXx77LNgzhwuQERSqtCgDYmeylL3ZIvRYJHWw%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=aee6b5ed643584b0d24c2a366a01eabd054502cf477913669ce187e66760b695&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 14.
![Composite structural systems [68]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6470707b83f1392090d6986a/j_acee-2021-032_fig_014.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKCZFNO2NJ%2F20251212%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251212T182433Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEEEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIQC1BtJ%2BEZgPdRqevkjCAg0AlCeyMex%2BOgeujtH26OLuIwIgGY9NOzsuHBFf9kOGd3k7zEWc%2Bv2o0nEofeblJPEwbhMqvQUIChACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDOyTytalmxIlenueRiqaBZNjtQYJ9GDERONT2v2fKLaeZIgIYgwf8jxbnArMopG4cCyRSvSCyYkVFlDpH5Bt0H56HLf9OWwlBY2ze6g9qyualLpKA2F%2BJ7WOpt45BLLdJlH%2F%2FhE0RsF6HPBj1s7VTh6MXhwWYmZPwpfVHM0%2BCo9VtvKUPVN06bedhBRDRpgE7fVyG%2BV4K3fBtXIkPbdHMV%2FRXWn9yO6deypx39x4iVU5D%2Bmc70C%2BymY4wZu5NxgaXlRENOWtwRLYZKykYqNWcChCThlv%2BH9I2S6zA6S01HNCkPfKX1JotC61AWucPm8fxpPKMC1qLmfiUxf%2B3KY77VXOykzFri%2FP%2B6F1zkSQHd5MQP8hdYiVeeLYIPg0iio2GpqZan9mlE2KR%2FfFTW1O1DXLdPfM1bsVGGulsH0xhPOAE5Y57WvZCeRE8dIDRw4iRVD4XGfncqg6X6O9JmY72GPPDRUZ5n8m51OYQp1chB48ACT6eQKBQKLRkNF6YbDoGA6MOH1N%2FCrBF2RJUw8mN9AfeqxjzgamZZ8SDkHXjwmb%2Fco2xJt6W3lF6AwFVew6ju%2B3%2Fy1rgpEFMvMICgwLkywovMoS5mfPdmF3UZcwXBA4uVa60ab8NBj%2BgIeg0BQAuMxN9ZsV7AynB5elcoNvuUueMar9FYrZFwAj7fVPMzr2IhqLZzwoI0nI7HMGwUjINagwf9BkoAttYJZS8a45LzPpz6OFyst%2FP7KdKwCnwQDoEo%2BfhiQ%2BxQTtrEVe1DphUaR7pJinqCNN2ya%2Ba8qFDNHGSfRHovYK1FN38Lc0OFqLkZUNV5af5A3B6I0mJ4YoSJ4kANT6cu8ZyomMTfsHV14vPapQPWBf58iSABCuOw1fOTLbzaCXjGoKTxzTdNXHFnnBaNuTgVA9eDCMjfHJBjqxAb01GDKcsyIAQz0EIpr%2FQt7WrKjSmQZWtjYIw0TgGrpjr9U1qS9OY%2FEDwi69aH9gJUkslTy9xOi8g%2Bu%2FQJlCj66iZVxAfkMVGmFLNqMgWjZ6ZjaZzSNH5kfMf4NTVn1b1FNMEX9KUSoyw4VhprciMrDvZ64fSMwH9U5uAQEEfLnwunpXGCW4I7vpfkyN049CfA4grZABEmXx77LNgzhwuQERSqtCgDYmeylL3ZIvRYJHWw%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=05967796ef9e7ba534fd71c7392fc002a7b8784b301084ae8e0b9d6cc4b8c44a&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 15.
![Shear wall parameters and the results of hysteric curves of tested specimens [69]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6470707b83f1392090d6986a/j_acee-2021-032_fig_015.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKCZFNO2NJ%2F20251212%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251212T182433Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEEEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIQC1BtJ%2BEZgPdRqevkjCAg0AlCeyMex%2BOgeujtH26OLuIwIgGY9NOzsuHBFf9kOGd3k7zEWc%2Bv2o0nEofeblJPEwbhMqvQUIChACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDOyTytalmxIlenueRiqaBZNjtQYJ9GDERONT2v2fKLaeZIgIYgwf8jxbnArMopG4cCyRSvSCyYkVFlDpH5Bt0H56HLf9OWwlBY2ze6g9qyualLpKA2F%2BJ7WOpt45BLLdJlH%2F%2FhE0RsF6HPBj1s7VTh6MXhwWYmZPwpfVHM0%2BCo9VtvKUPVN06bedhBRDRpgE7fVyG%2BV4K3fBtXIkPbdHMV%2FRXWn9yO6deypx39x4iVU5D%2Bmc70C%2BymY4wZu5NxgaXlRENOWtwRLYZKykYqNWcChCThlv%2BH9I2S6zA6S01HNCkPfKX1JotC61AWucPm8fxpPKMC1qLmfiUxf%2B3KY77VXOykzFri%2FP%2B6F1zkSQHd5MQP8hdYiVeeLYIPg0iio2GpqZan9mlE2KR%2FfFTW1O1DXLdPfM1bsVGGulsH0xhPOAE5Y57WvZCeRE8dIDRw4iRVD4XGfncqg6X6O9JmY72GPPDRUZ5n8m51OYQp1chB48ACT6eQKBQKLRkNF6YbDoGA6MOH1N%2FCrBF2RJUw8mN9AfeqxjzgamZZ8SDkHXjwmb%2Fco2xJt6W3lF6AwFVew6ju%2B3%2Fy1rgpEFMvMICgwLkywovMoS5mfPdmF3UZcwXBA4uVa60ab8NBj%2BgIeg0BQAuMxN9ZsV7AynB5elcoNvuUueMar9FYrZFwAj7fVPMzr2IhqLZzwoI0nI7HMGwUjINagwf9BkoAttYJZS8a45LzPpz6OFyst%2FP7KdKwCnwQDoEo%2BfhiQ%2BxQTtrEVe1DphUaR7pJinqCNN2ya%2Ba8qFDNHGSfRHovYK1FN38Lc0OFqLkZUNV5af5A3B6I0mJ4YoSJ4kANT6cu8ZyomMTfsHV14vPapQPWBf58iSABCuOw1fOTLbzaCXjGoKTxzTdNXHFnnBaNuTgVA9eDCMjfHJBjqxAb01GDKcsyIAQz0EIpr%2FQt7WrKjSmQZWtjYIw0TgGrpjr9U1qS9OY%2FEDwi69aH9gJUkslTy9xOi8g%2Bu%2FQJlCj66iZVxAfkMVGmFLNqMgWjZ6ZjaZzSNH5kfMf4NTVn1b1FNMEX9KUSoyw4VhprciMrDvZ64fSMwH9U5uAQEEfLnwunpXGCW4I7vpfkyN049CfA4grZABEmXx77LNgzhwuQERSqtCgDYmeylL3ZIvRYJHWw%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=861baa1b6853340dcb0a95a6f8b759acdfb80ad790ea96829a2fc695c9dc3541&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 16.
![Traditional and innovative shear walls [74]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6470707b83f1392090d6986a/j_acee-2021-032_fig_016.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKCZFNO2NJ%2F20251212%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251212T182433Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEEEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIQC1BtJ%2BEZgPdRqevkjCAg0AlCeyMex%2BOgeujtH26OLuIwIgGY9NOzsuHBFf9kOGd3k7zEWc%2Bv2o0nEofeblJPEwbhMqvQUIChACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDOyTytalmxIlenueRiqaBZNjtQYJ9GDERONT2v2fKLaeZIgIYgwf8jxbnArMopG4cCyRSvSCyYkVFlDpH5Bt0H56HLf9OWwlBY2ze6g9qyualLpKA2F%2BJ7WOpt45BLLdJlH%2F%2FhE0RsF6HPBj1s7VTh6MXhwWYmZPwpfVHM0%2BCo9VtvKUPVN06bedhBRDRpgE7fVyG%2BV4K3fBtXIkPbdHMV%2FRXWn9yO6deypx39x4iVU5D%2Bmc70C%2BymY4wZu5NxgaXlRENOWtwRLYZKykYqNWcChCThlv%2BH9I2S6zA6S01HNCkPfKX1JotC61AWucPm8fxpPKMC1qLmfiUxf%2B3KY77VXOykzFri%2FP%2B6F1zkSQHd5MQP8hdYiVeeLYIPg0iio2GpqZan9mlE2KR%2FfFTW1O1DXLdPfM1bsVGGulsH0xhPOAE5Y57WvZCeRE8dIDRw4iRVD4XGfncqg6X6O9JmY72GPPDRUZ5n8m51OYQp1chB48ACT6eQKBQKLRkNF6YbDoGA6MOH1N%2FCrBF2RJUw8mN9AfeqxjzgamZZ8SDkHXjwmb%2Fco2xJt6W3lF6AwFVew6ju%2B3%2Fy1rgpEFMvMICgwLkywovMoS5mfPdmF3UZcwXBA4uVa60ab8NBj%2BgIeg0BQAuMxN9ZsV7AynB5elcoNvuUueMar9FYrZFwAj7fVPMzr2IhqLZzwoI0nI7HMGwUjINagwf9BkoAttYJZS8a45LzPpz6OFyst%2FP7KdKwCnwQDoEo%2BfhiQ%2BxQTtrEVe1DphUaR7pJinqCNN2ya%2Ba8qFDNHGSfRHovYK1FN38Lc0OFqLkZUNV5af5A3B6I0mJ4YoSJ4kANT6cu8ZyomMTfsHV14vPapQPWBf58iSABCuOw1fOTLbzaCXjGoKTxzTdNXHFnnBaNuTgVA9eDCMjfHJBjqxAb01GDKcsyIAQz0EIpr%2FQt7WrKjSmQZWtjYIw0TgGrpjr9U1qS9OY%2FEDwi69aH9gJUkslTy9xOi8g%2Bu%2FQJlCj66iZVxAfkMVGmFLNqMgWjZ6ZjaZzSNH5kfMf4NTVn1b1FNMEX9KUSoyw4VhprciMrDvZ64fSMwH9U5uAQEEfLnwunpXGCW4I7vpfkyN049CfA4grZABEmXx77LNgzhwuQERSqtCgDYmeylL3ZIvRYJHWw%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=4b9504eff4844a772a8136811848a4b7e945db01e3bffa02cb02bcc3dd846f73&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 17.
![Hierarchical order of failure modes of composite shear walls [74]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6470707b83f1392090d6986a/j_acee-2021-032_fig_017.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKCZFNO2NJ%2F20251212%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251212T182433Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEEEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIQC1BtJ%2BEZgPdRqevkjCAg0AlCeyMex%2BOgeujtH26OLuIwIgGY9NOzsuHBFf9kOGd3k7zEWc%2Bv2o0nEofeblJPEwbhMqvQUIChACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDOyTytalmxIlenueRiqaBZNjtQYJ9GDERONT2v2fKLaeZIgIYgwf8jxbnArMopG4cCyRSvSCyYkVFlDpH5Bt0H56HLf9OWwlBY2ze6g9qyualLpKA2F%2BJ7WOpt45BLLdJlH%2F%2FhE0RsF6HPBj1s7VTh6MXhwWYmZPwpfVHM0%2BCo9VtvKUPVN06bedhBRDRpgE7fVyG%2BV4K3fBtXIkPbdHMV%2FRXWn9yO6deypx39x4iVU5D%2Bmc70C%2BymY4wZu5NxgaXlRENOWtwRLYZKykYqNWcChCThlv%2BH9I2S6zA6S01HNCkPfKX1JotC61AWucPm8fxpPKMC1qLmfiUxf%2B3KY77VXOykzFri%2FP%2B6F1zkSQHd5MQP8hdYiVeeLYIPg0iio2GpqZan9mlE2KR%2FfFTW1O1DXLdPfM1bsVGGulsH0xhPOAE5Y57WvZCeRE8dIDRw4iRVD4XGfncqg6X6O9JmY72GPPDRUZ5n8m51OYQp1chB48ACT6eQKBQKLRkNF6YbDoGA6MOH1N%2FCrBF2RJUw8mN9AfeqxjzgamZZ8SDkHXjwmb%2Fco2xJt6W3lF6AwFVew6ju%2B3%2Fy1rgpEFMvMICgwLkywovMoS5mfPdmF3UZcwXBA4uVa60ab8NBj%2BgIeg0BQAuMxN9ZsV7AynB5elcoNvuUueMar9FYrZFwAj7fVPMzr2IhqLZzwoI0nI7HMGwUjINagwf9BkoAttYJZS8a45LzPpz6OFyst%2FP7KdKwCnwQDoEo%2BfhiQ%2BxQTtrEVe1DphUaR7pJinqCNN2ya%2Ba8qFDNHGSfRHovYK1FN38Lc0OFqLkZUNV5af5A3B6I0mJ4YoSJ4kANT6cu8ZyomMTfsHV14vPapQPWBf58iSABCuOw1fOTLbzaCXjGoKTxzTdNXHFnnBaNuTgVA9eDCMjfHJBjqxAb01GDKcsyIAQz0EIpr%2FQt7WrKjSmQZWtjYIw0TgGrpjr9U1qS9OY%2FEDwi69aH9gJUkslTy9xOi8g%2Bu%2FQJlCj66iZVxAfkMVGmFLNqMgWjZ6ZjaZzSNH5kfMf4NTVn1b1FNMEX9KUSoyw4VhprciMrDvZ64fSMwH9U5uAQEEfLnwunpXGCW4I7vpfkyN049CfA4grZABEmXx77LNgzhwuQERSqtCgDYmeylL3ZIvRYJHWw%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=88c2e303161ae9375eda54d5928e11e41726f8f3dac3ae4839aebf14c706abf3&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 18.
Figure 19.
Figure 20.
Figure 21.
Figure 22.
Figure 23.
![Reinforcement details for shear walls with openings [57]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6470707b83f1392090d6986a/j_acee-2021-032_fig_023.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKCZFNO2NJ%2F20251212%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251212T182433Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEEEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIQC1BtJ%2BEZgPdRqevkjCAg0AlCeyMex%2BOgeujtH26OLuIwIgGY9NOzsuHBFf9kOGd3k7zEWc%2Bv2o0nEofeblJPEwbhMqvQUIChACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDOyTytalmxIlenueRiqaBZNjtQYJ9GDERONT2v2fKLaeZIgIYgwf8jxbnArMopG4cCyRSvSCyYkVFlDpH5Bt0H56HLf9OWwlBY2ze6g9qyualLpKA2F%2BJ7WOpt45BLLdJlH%2F%2FhE0RsF6HPBj1s7VTh6MXhwWYmZPwpfVHM0%2BCo9VtvKUPVN06bedhBRDRpgE7fVyG%2BV4K3fBtXIkPbdHMV%2FRXWn9yO6deypx39x4iVU5D%2Bmc70C%2BymY4wZu5NxgaXlRENOWtwRLYZKykYqNWcChCThlv%2BH9I2S6zA6S01HNCkPfKX1JotC61AWucPm8fxpPKMC1qLmfiUxf%2B3KY77VXOykzFri%2FP%2B6F1zkSQHd5MQP8hdYiVeeLYIPg0iio2GpqZan9mlE2KR%2FfFTW1O1DXLdPfM1bsVGGulsH0xhPOAE5Y57WvZCeRE8dIDRw4iRVD4XGfncqg6X6O9JmY72GPPDRUZ5n8m51OYQp1chB48ACT6eQKBQKLRkNF6YbDoGA6MOH1N%2FCrBF2RJUw8mN9AfeqxjzgamZZ8SDkHXjwmb%2Fco2xJt6W3lF6AwFVew6ju%2B3%2Fy1rgpEFMvMICgwLkywovMoS5mfPdmF3UZcwXBA4uVa60ab8NBj%2BgIeg0BQAuMxN9ZsV7AynB5elcoNvuUueMar9FYrZFwAj7fVPMzr2IhqLZzwoI0nI7HMGwUjINagwf9BkoAttYJZS8a45LzPpz6OFyst%2FP7KdKwCnwQDoEo%2BfhiQ%2BxQTtrEVe1DphUaR7pJinqCNN2ya%2Ba8qFDNHGSfRHovYK1FN38Lc0OFqLkZUNV5af5A3B6I0mJ4YoSJ4kANT6cu8ZyomMTfsHV14vPapQPWBf58iSABCuOw1fOTLbzaCXjGoKTxzTdNXHFnnBaNuTgVA9eDCMjfHJBjqxAb01GDKcsyIAQz0EIpr%2FQt7WrKjSmQZWtjYIw0TgGrpjr9U1qS9OY%2FEDwi69aH9gJUkslTy9xOi8g%2Bu%2FQJlCj66iZVxAfkMVGmFLNqMgWjZ6ZjaZzSNH5kfMf4NTVn1b1FNMEX9KUSoyw4VhprciMrDvZ64fSMwH9U5uAQEEfLnwunpXGCW4I7vpfkyN049CfA4grZABEmXx77LNgzhwuQERSqtCgDYmeylL3ZIvRYJHWw%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=7a78a9cc46d22445bd13ec1d0db8034514a03fd1cfdc3ca5362d265750d15405&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 24.
Figure 25.
Axial load ratio of analyzed shear walls [40]
| Shear wall | Axial load ratio | Axial load (kN) |
|---|---|---|
| SW1 | 0.1 | 497 |
| SW2 | 0.2 | 994 |
| SW3 | 0.3 | 1491 |
| SW4 | 0.4 | 1988 |
| SW5 | 0.5 | 2485 |
| SW6 | 0.6 | 2982 |
Shear wall parameters of tested specimens [69]
| Specimen | Cross section (mm x mm) | Shear span ratio | Cubic compressive strength of concrete | Mesh reinforcement | Steel plate thickness of boundary column (mm) | Steel plate thickness of wall body (mm) | Steel content ratio (%) | Axial compressive force (kN) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CFSCW-1 | 1284x214 | 2.0 | 87.5 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 7.1 | 7375 |
| CFSCW-2 | 1284x214 | 2.0 | 86.1 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 7.1 | 7319 |
| CFSCW-3 | 1284x214 | 2.0 | 86.1 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 7.1 | 7319 |
| CFSCW-4 | 1284x214 | 2.0 | 89.8 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 5.8 | 7535 |
| CFSCW-5 | 1284x214 | 2.0 | 88..1 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 4.6 | 7404 |
| CFSCW-6 | 1284x214 | 2.0 | 65.0 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 7.1 | 5863 |
| CFSCW-7 | 1284x214 | 2.0 | 102.6 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 7.1 | 7900 |
| CFSCW-8 | 1284x214 | 2.0 | 88.4 | 0 | 6 | 4 | 7.1 | 7807 |
| CFSCW-9 | 1284x214 | 2.0 | 83.3 | Ø8@130 | 5 | 5 | 7.1 | 7375 |
| CFSCW-10 | 750x125 | 2.0 | 83.7 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 7.1 | 2756 |
| CFSCW-11 | 750x125 | 1.5 | 80.7 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 7.1 | 2718 |
| CFSCW-12 | 750x125 | 1.0 | 88.0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 7.1 | 2816 |
The dimensions and reinforcement characteristics of tested shear walls [38]
| Concrete Type | No | Wall | tw (mm) | lw (mm) | hw/lw | Web reinforcement | Boundary element | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Layout | ρh,v (%) | Longitudinal | Stirrup(s) | ||||||||
| Lay | ρ(%) | Lay | ρ(%) | ||||||||
| 1L | MCL50M | 102 | 2397 | 1.01 | 3Ø500 mm | 0.14 | 8 ≠ 5 | 0.68 | 2Ø150 mm | 0.42 | |
| 2L | MCL100M | 101 | 2398 | 1.01 | 3Ø250 mm | 0.28 | 8 ≠ 6 | 0.98 | 0.42 | ||
| 3L | MCL50C | 101 | 2398 | 1.01 | 3Ø500 mm | 0.14 | 8 ≠ 5 | 0.68 | 0.42 | ||
| 4L | MCL100C | 101 | 2399 | 1.01 | 3Ø250 mm | 0.28 | 8 ≠ 6 | 0.98 | 0.42 | ||
| Lightweight concrete | 5L | MRL100C | 101 | 5413 | 0.45 | 3Ø250 mm | 0.28 | 6 ≠ 6 | 0.32 | 0.42 | |
| 6L | MRL50mC | 106 | 5415 | 0.44 | mesh 6x6-6/6 | 0.12 | 8 ≠ 5 | 0.21 | 0.40 | ||
| 7L | MLC50mC | 100 | 2403 | 1.00 | mesh 6x6-6/6 | 0.12 | 6 ≠ 6 | 0.74 | 0.43 | ||
| 8L | MEL50mC | 100 | 1221 | 1.94 | mesh 6x6-6/6 | 0.12 | 4 ≠ 6 | 0.99 | 0.43 | ||
| 9L | MCL50mD | 82 | 1917 | 1.00 | mesh 6x6-8/8 | 0.11 | 6 ≠ 5 | 0.79 | 2Ø180 mm | 0.44 | |
| 10L | MCL50D | 82 | 1912 | 1.00 | 3Ø320 mm | 0.27 | 8 ≠ 5 | 1.06 | 0.44 | ||
| 1N | MCN50M | 102 | 2402 | 1.01 | 3Ø500 mm | 0.14 | 8 ≠ 5 | 0.67 | 2Ø150 mm | 0.42 | |
| 2N | MCN100M | 101 | 2402 | 1.01 | 3Ø250 mm | 0.28 | 8 ≠ 6 | 0.98 | 0.42 | ||
| 3N | MCN50C | 102 | 2399 | 1.01 | 3Ø500 mm | 0.14 | 8 ≠ 5 | 0.68 | 0.42 | ||
| 4N | MCN100C | 101 | 2397 | 1.01 | 3Ø250 mm | 0.28 | 8 ≠ 6 | 0.98 | 0.42 | ||
| Normal weight concrete | 5N | MRN100C | 100 | 5400 | 0.45 | 3Ø250 mm | 0.28 | 4 ≠ 6 | 0.22 | 0.43 | |
| 6N | MRN50mC | 103 | 5396 | 0.45 | mesh 6x6-6/6 | 0.12 | 8 ≠ 5 | 0.22 | 0.41 | ||
| 7N | MCN50mC | 103 | 2398 | 1.01 | mesh 6x6-6/6 | 0.12 | 6 ≠ 6 | 0.72 | 0.42 | ||
| 8N | MEN50mC | 101 | 1239 | 1.99 | mesh 6x6-6/6 | 0.12 | 4 ≠ 6 | 0.96 | 0.42 | ||
| 9N | MCN50mD | 83 | 1916 | 1.00 | mesh 6x6-8/8 | 0.11 | 6 ≠ 5 | 0.78 | 2Ø180 mm | 0.43 | |
| 10N | MCN50D | 84 | 1921 | 1.00 | 3Ø320 mm | 0.26 | 8 ≠ 5 | 1.02 | 0.42 | ||