Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Pleasure and Arousal conceived as two basic dimensions of affective responses that indicate peoples’ state of feeling proposed by Mehrabian and Russell [25] and modified by Russel and Barret [24]
Table 1.
Questions asked in the interview to find keywords related to qualitative dimensions shaping place meaning from users’ points of view [Source: Authors]
| Asked questions related to each selected place of the faculty buildings |
|
Figure 3.
Summarizing the whole procedure in the methodology [Source: Authors]
Table 2.
Faculty of Architecture buildings, Selcuk University of Konya [Source: Authors]
| Place | Location | View | Plan |
|---|---|---|---|
| Old & Historical Building (Preceptress School) |  |  |  |
| New Building 1 (Teachers’ Rooms) |  |  |  |
| New Building 2 (Sports Hall) |  |  |  |
Table 3.
Dimensions and attributes that shape the meaning of place from users’ point of view [Source: Authors]
| Old & Historical Building | New Building (Teachers’ Rooms) | New Building (Sports Hall) | |
|---|---|---|---|
 |  |  | |
| Analysis Basis | Interview Quotes and Keywords | Analysis Criteria | |
| Sensory Factor | * The historical building spaces are felt warm, intimate, and secure in terms of providing light, color, materials, and vitality. Whereas, other buildings are scary, boring and dull because of using glassy and inanimate colors, materials, and furniture. | * Color * Light * Texture * Material * Vitality | |
| Morphological Factor (Perceptional) | * In the historical building dimensions, geometry, and aspect ratio is appropriate, but sports hall building is uniform and in terms of largeness, width, and height is so huge and makes the senses of fear, and heaviness. I desire to leave such a place. | * Volume & facade * Geometry * Proportion * Scale * Rhythm | |
| Individual Factor | Cognitive Factor | * I like the historical building because it reminds me of the architecture of the early years of the Republic of Turkey. * Since the historical building was used as a school in the past, for us as students of architecture, it is very meaningful in terms of architectural and functional features, but other buildings are only functional and do not involved architectural qualities in terms of color, variety, etc. | * Memory * Identity * Compatibility with mental schema |
| Behavioral Factor | * The new building and sports hall building are unpleasant due to the lack of spatial qualities and largeness. I am not satisfied and I do not feel safe. I’d like to avoid these buildings. | * Security * Satisfaction | |
Table 4.
Dimensions forming the meaning of place derived from the interview [Source: Authors]
| Dimension / Sub-Dimension | Historical Building | New Building 1 (Teachers’ Rooms) | New Building 2 (Sports Hall) | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sensory Factor | Color | 4.20 | 4.11 | 4.00 | 4.10 |
| Light | 3.11 | 3.22 | 2.66 | 3.00 | |
| Texture | 4.66 | 3.66 | 4.00 | 4.11 | |
| Material | 4.51 | 4.33 | 3.77 | 4.20 | |
| Vitality | 2.66 | 2.70 | 2.11 | 2.49 | |
| Morphological Factor (Perceptual) | Volume & facade | 4.62 | 4.12 | 4.33 | 4.36 |
| Geometry | 4.33 | 4.00 | 4.11 | 4.15 | |
| Proportion & Scale | 4.12 | 3.99 | 4.62 | 4.24 | |
| Rhythm | 4.55 | 3.66 | 3.99 | 4.20 | |
| Individual Factor: Cognitive | Compatibility with mental schema | 1.66 | 1.99 | 1.33 | 1.66 |
| Memorability | 2.20 | 1.11 | 1.44 | 1.58 | |
| Individual Factor:Behavioral | Satisfaction | 1.15 | 1.44 | 1.77 | 1.45 |
Table 5.
The result of Pleasant-Arousal diagram of the places of the Historical Building [Source: Authors]
| Evaluated Place: Old & Historical Building (Preceptress School) | Average of The Places According to Pleasure-Arousal Diagram from the Users Point of View | Qualitative factors affecting the emotional evaluation |
|---|---|---|
 |  | Volume, Proportion & Scale, Rhythm, Geometry, Material, Color, Compatibility with, mental schema, Memorability, Security |
 |  | Material, Color, Texture, Variety, Memorability, Security |
 |  | Proportion and Scale, Rhythm, Geometry, Material, Texture, Color, Light, Sense of place, Satisfaction, Memorability, Security |
 |  | Proportion and Scale, Rhythm, Geometry, Material, Texture, Color, Light, Memorability, Security |
Table 6.
The mean data of Pleasant-Arousal diagram of the pleasant places of the Historical Building [Source: Authors]
| The Mean Data of Pleasure-Arousal Diagram | Criterion | Mood | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Excited | 20 | ||
| High Arousal | Exciting: 32 | Happy | 36.5 | |
| Elated | 20 | |||
| Contented | 52 | |||
| Harmonious | 62 | |||
| Low Arousal | Safe: 53 | Safe | 42.5 | |
| Calm | 60 | |||
| Placid | 48 | |||
| Lethargic | 9 | |||
| Low Arousal | Boring: 9.85 | Bored | 14 | |
| Irritated | 9.5 | |||
| Frustrated | 6.5 | |||
| Upset | 8 | |||
| High Arousal | Unsafe: 7.75 | Distressed | 3 | |
| Tense | 16.5 | |||
| Scared | 2.7 | |||
Table 7.
The result of Pleasant-Arousal diagram of the places of the New Building 1 [Source: Authors].
| Evaluated Place: New Building 1 (Teachers’ Rooms) | Average of The Places According to Pleasure-Arousal Diagram from the Users Point of View | Qualitative factors affecting the emotional evaluation |
|---|---|---|
 |  | Volume and façade, Geometry, Proportion and Scale, Rhythm, Material, Color, Texture, Security |
 |  | Volume and façade, Proportion and Scale, Material, Color, Texture, Vitality |
 |  | Material, Texture, Color, Light, Vitality, Security |
 |  | Rhythm, Material, Texture, Color, Light, Vitality, Security |
Table 8.
The mean data of Pleasant-Arousal diagram of all unpleasant places of the New Building 1 [Source: Authors]
| The Mean Data of Pleasure-Arousal Diagram | Criterion | Mood | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Excited | 1.38 | ||
| High Arousal | Exciting: 3.05 | Happy | 2.12 | |
| Elated | 2.3 | |||
| Contented | 6.5 | |||
| Harmonious | 9.25 | |||
| Low Arousal | Safe: 5.9 | Safe | 5.8 | |
| Calm | 4.8 | |||
| Placid | 8.75 | |||
| Lethargic | 27.8 | |||
| Low Arousal | Boring: 45.6 | Bored | 65 | |
| Irritated | 60.8 | |||
| Frustrated | 28.5 | |||
| Upset | 52.3 | |||
| High Arousal | Unsafe: 63.75 | Distressed | 63 | |
| Tense | 63.5 | |||
| Scared | 76.5 | |||
Table 9.
The result of Pleasant-Arousal diagram of the places of the New Building 2 [Source: Authors]
| Evaluated Place: New Building 2 (Sports Hall) | Average of The Places According to Pleasure-Arousal Diagram from the Users Point of View | Qualitative factors affecting the emotional evaluation |
|---|---|---|
 |  | Volume and façade, Proportion and Scale, Rhythm, Material, Color, Texture, Security |
 |  | Volume and façade, Proportion and Scale, Color, Texture, Security |
 |  | Material, Texture, Color, Light, Security |
 |  | Proportion and Scale, Material, Texture, Color, Light, Security |
Table 10.
The mean data of Pleasant-Arousal diagram of all unpleasant places of the New Building 2 [Source: Authors]
| The Mean Data of Pleasure-Arousal Diagram | Criterion | Mood | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Excited | 1.95 | ||
| High Arousal | Exciting: 1.8 | Happy | 0 | |
| Elated | 0.5 | |||
| Contented | 1.85 | |||
| Harmonious | 0 | |||
| Low Arousal | Safe: 3.38 | Safe | 1 | |
| Calm | 1 | |||
| Placid | 10.5 | |||
| Lethargic | 32 | |||
| Low Arousal | Boring: 46.5 | Bored | 65.5 | |
| Irritated | 56 | |||
| Frustrated | 33 | |||
| Upset | 49 | |||
| High Arousal | Unsafe: 51 | Distressed | 65 | |
| Tense | 53 | |||
| Scared | 37.5 | |||
Table 11.
The average of statistical data related to interior and exterior places of faculty buildings [Source: Authors]
| The Name of Place | Old Building (Preceptress School) | New Building 1 (Teachers’ rooms) | New Building 2 (Sports Hall) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Criterion | Mood | Int | Ext | Int | Ext | Int | Ext | |
| High Activated Pleasant | Exciting | Excited | 25.2 | 15 | 0.5 | 2.25 | 1 | 2.9 |
| Happy | 36.3 | 36.5 | 0.5 | 3.75 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Elated | 21.5 | 18 | 0.4 | 4.20 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Contented | 59 | 44.5 | 0 | 13 | 1 | 2.7 | ||
| Low Activated Pleasant | Safe | Harmony | 82.5 | 42 | 0.5 | 8 | 0 | 0 |
| Safe | 42 | 43 | 1.1 | 10.5 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Calm | 51 | 68.5 | 0.6 | 9 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Placid | 50 | 46 | 5 | 12.5 | 21 | 0 | ||
| High Activated Unpleasant | Boring | Lethargic | 11.7 | 6.5 | 38 | 17.5 | 19 | 45 |
| Bored | 17.8 | 10 | 60 | 70 | 59 | 72 | ||
| Irritated | 13.2 | 6 | 69 | 52.5 | 61.5 | 50 | ||
| Frustrated | 8.7 | 4.9 | 32 | 25 | 22.5 | 43 | ||
| Low Activated Unpleasant | Unsafe | Upset | 10.5 | 5 | 58 | 46.5 | 52.5 | 45 |
| Distressed | 3.9 | 2 | 56 | 70 | 37.5 | 92 | ||
| Tense | 25 | 8.85 | 73 | 54 | 57.5 | 48 | ||
| Scared | 4.9 | 0.5 | 63 | 89.5 | 44 | 31 | ||
Figure 4.
The analysis of findings related to pleasant and unpleasant places [Source: Authors]