The Torsional and Shear Behavior of Steel Fiber Reinforced RC Members

Specimens	Steel Fibers (kg/m³)	Loading Type
T-Reference	—	Torsion
T30SF	30	Torsion
T60SF	60	Torsion
FC-Reference	—	Overhanging
FC-30SF	30	Overhanging
FC-60SF	60	Overhanging
F3-30SF	30	Three-point bending
F3-60SF	60	Three-point bending
F4-30SF	30	Four-point bending
F4-60SF	60	Four-point bending
AL-Reference-0	—	Axial load without eccentricity
AL-Reference-10	—	Axial load with 10 mm eccentricity
AL-Reference-20	—	Axial load with 20 mm eccentricity
AL-Reference-30	—	Axial load with 30 mm eccentricity
AL-30SF-0	30	Axial load without eccentricity
AL-30SF-10	30	Axial load with 10 mm eccentricity
AL-30SF-20	30	Axial load with 20 mm eccentricity
AL-30SF-30	30	Axial load with 30 mm eccentricity
AL-60SF-0	60	Axial load without eccentricity
AL-60SF-10	60	Axial load with 10 mm eccentricity
AL-60SF-20	60	Axial load with 20 mm eccentricity
AL-60SF-30	60	Axial load with 30 mm eccentricity

**The geometry and reinforcement details a) tested beams b) tested column specimens (all units are in mm)**

**The stress-strain curves of the reinforcements**

**Test setup a) torsion b) four-point bending c) three-point bending d) overhanging**

**The test set-up of axial loading (all units are in mm)**

Table 2.

Chemical, physical and mechanical properties of the cement

Chemical properties (%)		Physical and mechanical properties
SO₃	2.84	2 days Compressive strength (MPa)	27.90
MgO	2.58	28 days Compressive strength (MPa)	58.00
CaO	63.65	Initial setting time (min)	151
Al₂O₃	4.48	Final setting time (min)	191
K₂O	0.62	Specific gravity (g/cm³)	3.12
SiO₂	18.10	Specific surface (cm²/g)	3690
Na₂O	0.21	Total volume exp. (mm)	1.0
Fe₂O₃	3.09	Water requirement of cement (%)	29.5
CI-	0.015	Fineness (%)	7.15

Table 3.

Physical properties of steel fiber


Length (mm)	30	Tensile strength (MPa)	1100
Diameter (mm)	0.75	Aspect ratio	0.40

Table 4.

Concrete mixture

kg/m³	First Group	Second Group	Third Group
Fine aggregate (0-12mm)	1420	1420	1420
Coarse aggregate (12-28 mm)	510	510	510
Cement	320	320	320
Admixture	6.4	6.4	6.4
Steel fibers	—	30	60
Water/Cement ratio	0.31	0.31	0.31
Compressive strength (MPa)	34	32.6	34.4
Flexural strength (MPa)	59.0	58.3	58.6
Splitting tensile strength (MPa)	32.1	33.2	42.4

Table 5.

The Experimental results of torsional tests

Specimens	T_u (kNm)	θ_u (deg/m)	T_cr (kNm)	θ_cr (deg/m)	θ_yeld (deg/m)	μθ	Energy Dissipation Capacity (kN.deg)
T-Reference	5.37	2.55	0.29	1.60	2.14	1.19	12.02
T30SF	7.50	3.06	0.50	1.62	2.46	1.24	20.17
T60SF	11.06	5.58	0.60	1.31	4.30	1.30	54.72

**Torsional moment-twist angle relationship**

Table 6.

The values defined by standards and experimental results

Specimens	^Tu-Exp	^Tu-mode II	Turkish Code TS 2018	American Code ACI318-19	European Code Eurocode-2 [39]	Australian Standard AS3600 [40]	British Standard BS8110	The ultimate torsional moment by Hsu [41]	The ultimate torsional moment by Rauch [42]
T-Reference	5.37	-						6.06
T30SF	7.50	4.32	3.60	3.59	3.76	4.64	2.50	5.94	6.68
T60SF	11.06	4.44						6.10

Table 7.

The comparison of experimental and numerical results

Specimens	T_U-Exp	T_{u-mode II}/T_u-exp	T_TS-2018/T_U-Exp	T_AC318-14/T_U-Exp	T_Eurocode-2/T_U-Exp	T_AS3600/T_U-Exp	T_BS8110/T_U-Exp	T_Hsu/T_U-Exp	T_Rauch/T_U-Exp
T-Reference	5.37	-	0.67	0.67	0.70	0.86	0.47	1.12	1.24
T30SF	7.50	0.58	0.48	0.48	0.50	0.62	0.34	0.79	0.89
T60SF	11.06	0.40	0.33	0.32	0.34	0.42	0.23	0.55	0.60

**Cracking pattern at failure a) T-Reference b) T60SF c) T30SF beams**

Table 8.

The values defined by standards and experimental results

Specimen	Yield force (kN)	Yield deflection (mm)	Peak force (kN)	Peak deflection (mm)
FC-Reference	170.02	3.31	267.95	37.58
FC-30SF	114.18	5.31	257.47	26.79
FC-60SF	132.31	5.51	218.24	12.52
F3-30SF	60.11	2.22	104.36	9.66
F3-60SF	73.51	1.74	113.10	12.80
F4-30SF	122.12	3.27	196.23	12.89
F4-60SF	128.13	4.53	204.37	20.11

Table 9.

The experimental results

Specimens	V_u-Exp (kN)	V_n-ACI (kN)	$\frac{V (n - A C I) /}{V (u - E x p)}$	$\frac{V_{n - E U 2}}{(k N)}$	$\frac{V (n - E U 2) /}{V (u - E x p)}$	Energy Dissipation Capacity (kNmm)
FC-Reference	267.95	64.89	0.24	72.84	0.27	1302.7
FC-30SF	257.47	64.19	0.25	72.84	0.28	5726.1
FC-60SF	218.24	65.09	0.30	72.84	0.33	1122.3
F3-30SF	104.36	64.19	0.62	72.84	0.70	266.3
F3-60SF	113.10	65.09	0.58	72.84	0.64	226.4
F4-30SF	196.23	64.19	0.33	72.84	0.37	887.6
F4-60SF	204.37	65.09	0.32	72.84	0.36	1313.8

**Influence of shear index on the shear capacity of beams by different codes**

**Energy dissipation capacity of tested beams**

**Load displacement relationship a) three-point and b) four-point bending c) overhanging beam**

**Crack pattern at failure a) FC-Reference b) FC-30SF c) FC60SF d) F3-30SF e) F3-60SF f) F4-30SF g) F4-60SF**

**The interaction curves of tested column Bending moment-axial load curves of column**

Table 10.

Ultimate load and moment values of tested columns

Group	Specimen	Ultimate Load (kN)	Ultimate Moment (kNm)
Concentric	AL-Reference-0	122.6	0
	AL-Reference-10	99.6	0.99
	AL-Reference-20	95.7	1.91
	AL-Reference-30	92.8	2.77
	Theoretical Result	0	2.78
Eccentric	AL-30SF-0	217.9	0
	AL-30SF-10	140.5	1.41
	AL-30SF-20	105.9	2.12
	AL-30SF-30	99.7	2.99
	Theoretical Result	0	2.78
Eccentric	AL-60SF-0	142.9	0
	AL-60SF-10	99.2	0.99
	AL-60SF-20	97.1	1.94
	AL-60SF-30	93.8	2.81
	Theoretical Result	0	2.79

References

Authors

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Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/acee-2021-015 | Journal eISSN: 2720-6947 (formerly 1899-0142) | Journal ISSN: 1899-0142

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Language: English

Page range: 47 - 65

Submitted on: Sep 29, 2020

Accepted on: May 1, 2021

Published on: Jul 5, 2021

Published by: Silesian University of Technology

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

Keywords:

Behavior,

Interaction,

Reinforced concrete,

Shear,

Steel fiber reinforcement,

Torsion

Related subjects:

Architecture and design,

Architecture,

Architects, buildings

© 2021 Abdulkadir Cüneyt AYDIN, Mahmut KILIÇ, Mahyar MAALI, Barış BAYRAK, Erkan TUNÇ, published by Silesian University of Technology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 14 (2021): Issue 2 (June 2021)

The Torsional and Shear Behavior of Steel Fiber Reinforced RC Members

Figures & Tables

Table 1.

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

Table 2.

Figure 5.

Table 3.

Table 4.

Table 5.

Figure 6.

Table 6.

Table 7.

Figure 7.

Table 8.

Table 9.

Figure 8.

Figure 9.

Figure 10.

Figure 11.

Figure 12.

Table 10.

Figure 13.

Paradigm

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