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Figure 2.
Figure 3.
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Figure 9.
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Figure 11.
Figure 12.
Figure 13.
Material properties of different cases considered in this study [18]
| Sample no. | Cement content (%) | Fiber content (%) | Modulus of elasticity E (MPa) | Poisson’s ratio | Unit weight (kN/m3) | Cohesion c (kPa) | Angle of internal friction ϕ (degrees) |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 5.8 | 0.2 | 16.7 | 75.1 | 27.3 |
| 2 | 0 | 0.05 | 5.6 | 0.2 | 16.7 | 95.3 | 28.2 |
| 3 | 0 | 0.15 | 5.5 | 0.2 | 16.7 | 102.5 | 30.1 |
| 4 | 0 | 0.25 | 5.3 | 0.2 | 16.7 | 114.3 | 31.6 |
| 5 | 5 | 0 | 39.5 | 0.3 | 16.7 | 152.1 | 34.2 |
| 6 | 8 | 0 | 50.7 | 0.3 | 16.7 | 171.8 | 35.3 |
| 7 | 5 | 0.05 | 39.2 | 0.3 | 16.7 | 169.4 | 35.1 |
| 8 | 5 | 0.15 | 38.8 | 0.3 | 16.7 | 186.7 | 36.3 |
| 9 | 5 | 0.25 | 38.5 | 0.3 | 16.7 | 193.4 | 36.7 |
| 10 | 8 | 0.05 | 50.4 | 0.3 | 16.7 | 181.4 | 37.0 |
| 11 | 8 | 0.15 | 49.9 | 0.3 | 16.7 | 193.3 | 37.5 |
| 12 | 8 | 0.25 | 49.3 | 0.3 | 16.7 | 229.8 | 39.3 |
Comparison of the settlement from centrifuge test [33] and present study
| Model | Average settlement (mm) | Load taken by piles (%) |
| Horikoshi and Randolph [33] | 22 | 19 |
| Present study | 21 | 20 |
Index and strength parameters of PP-fiber [18]
| Behavior parameters | Values |
| Fiber type | Single fiber |
| Unit weight | 0.91 g/cm3 |
| Average diameter | 0.034 mm |
| Average length | 12 mm |
| Breaking tensile strength | 350 MPa |
| Modulus of elasticity | 3500 MPa |
| Fusion point | 165°C |
| Burning point | 590°C |
| Acid and alkali resistance | Very good |
| Dispersibility | Excellent |
Material properties of Nanjing soil [18]
| Soil properties | Values |
| USCS Classification | CL |
| Specific gravity | 2.7 |
| Liquid limit | 36.4% |
| Plasticity index | 17.8% |
| Optimum moisture content | 16.5% |
| Maximum dry density | 1.7 g/cm3 |
| D60 | 0.0117 mm |
| D30 | 0.0048 mm |
| D10 | 0.0011 mm |