Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Figure 3.
Figure 4.
Figure 5.
Figure 6.
Figure 7.
Figure 8.
Figure 9.
Figure 10.
Figure 11.
Figure 12.
Figure 13.
Material properties of different cases considered in this study [18]
| Sample no. | Cement content (%) | Fiber content (%) | Modulus of elasticity E (MPa) | Poisson’s ratio | Unit weight (kN/m3) | Cohesion c (kPa) | Angle of internal friction ϕ (degrees) |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 5.8 | 0.2 | 16.7 | 75.1 | 27.3 |
| 2 | 0 | 0.05 | 5.6 | 0.2 | 16.7 | 95.3 | 28.2 |
| 3 | 0 | 0.15 | 5.5 | 0.2 | 16.7 | 102.5 | 30.1 |
| 4 | 0 | 0.25 | 5.3 | 0.2 | 16.7 | 114.3 | 31.6 |
| 5 | 5 | 0 | 39.5 | 0.3 | 16.7 | 152.1 | 34.2 |
| 6 | 8 | 0 | 50.7 | 0.3 | 16.7 | 171.8 | 35.3 |
| 7 | 5 | 0.05 | 39.2 | 0.3 | 16.7 | 169.4 | 35.1 |
| 8 | 5 | 0.15 | 38.8 | 0.3 | 16.7 | 186.7 | 36.3 |
| 9 | 5 | 0.25 | 38.5 | 0.3 | 16.7 | 193.4 | 36.7 |
| 10 | 8 | 0.05 | 50.4 | 0.3 | 16.7 | 181.4 | 37.0 |
| 11 | 8 | 0.15 | 49.9 | 0.3 | 16.7 | 193.3 | 37.5 |
| 12 | 8 | 0.25 | 49.3 | 0.3 | 16.7 | 229.8 | 39.3 |
Comparison of the settlement from centrifuge test [33] and present study
| Model | Average settlement (mm) | Load taken by piles (%) |
| Horikoshi and Randolph [33] | 22 | 19 |
| Present study | 21 | 20 |
Index and strength parameters of PP-fiber [18]
| Behavior parameters | Values |
| Fiber type | Single fiber |
| Unit weight | 0.91 g/cm3 |
| Average diameter | 0.034 mm |
| Average length | 12 mm |
| Breaking tensile strength | 350 MPa |
| Modulus of elasticity | 3500 MPa |
| Fusion point | 165°C |
| Burning point | 590°C |
| Acid and alkali resistance | Very good |
| Dispersibility | Excellent |
Material properties of Nanjing soil [18]
| Soil properties | Values |
| USCS Classification | CL |
| Specific gravity | 2.7 |
| Liquid limit | 36.4% |
| Plasticity index | 17.8% |
| Optimum moisture content | 16.5% |
| Maximum dry density | 1.7 g/cm3 |
| D60 | 0.0117 mm |
| D30 | 0.0048 mm |
| D10 | 0.0011 mm |