Figure 1.
![The use of ex-post and ex-ante analyses in environmental policy. Source: own elaboration based on [2]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/64706f4783f1392090d6977e/j_acee-2019-028_fig_001.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKOYXKKWRV%2F20260221%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260221T142622Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEOP%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJGMEQCIA0X%2Fny8bGdedJqCV%2Fq9F3MpH8HYqod%2FZlYXWItRAxlgAiApChxumzkceNnLLz4HnjuO3KT2cICm2yvcEZvpg5wHqyrGBQis%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F8BEAIaDDk2MzEzNDI4OTk0MCIMIrSi%2BiCiv9iKaKjPKpoFEPakxXM8S1Q%2B3xluXKF1bPuf8n%2BAjar8DPEsVa2kHr8pEfhNZZZS0fORsc46rGi8lgplihUprnoVQ9rItMEqDaDHjsMhmh0zPVPApjNIzI0plk21bQa3aE6Y4pkAmoTmm6MxCALUEReKyLexPi5t6ojQTmyRUY%2B4tPF03QAK16qcN3hputMtprhzvAHEiydKi%2BxtbKftEUVsAX2XQyXVm0Z4Q8NXFW07mgxOyvA0qNCC5Hz226QR2n%2Brjb%2BPStwHAiPhdx0d6TXO2O63oCZzCc%2F9obEt9AJDQxpIONEEmDvEGWruiM9pqF1MSQV9MCTk4g8w26GIKEewOFENdfmR81%2B2Uh%2FMMC%2FJ5uD0GmSKkwwXK2k%2Bts86hIbPW7xHw8hriQ7z2kUZRtwgIVHx8FxQLFSQ5Zd4tBex%2Bmyep7%2FRRPiz26nBQb0hJ%2FyINCWXESBZ3yRPQ7HDJyWMU22VjgCx5PHj6KZdrrnb1nDJ2g%2BGIhhhUfgEaGwiX08Xe4h8BB6F7YxSRzzBYNAQxwvK4qqonP5GW2nHE2oAwQ1qOfEYvcCz5WFGpOSg3%2FMBmy8969vsZkMprAqXpSGBRK3O1Ie0vZXQzPRY%2F8%2FtNctMhRHaoH%2FaVI1UhKMyhmPV5IRn420ETfYnoLAXUZv2EOKAGDqNIDkutu7zkc63SRGY4UraWFoQQWReNFPUzj7688In7IrSd%2FkQDqwvzFURzzyRn%2BN0M6FiRYEoBSBlmAuTxEyhnV4kwgYiHXyrEF8bDYacdTf%2BBijgJX1Mz3MVnUUSIdxFO%2FxzgT4sIwh7jNPbJLPM%2FUlS856oybJ4853qoh4dal6xPKJ2fHrZxJzaetJps8HD9lve9Lte79bY6xW%2FRNyu9tg0VBvq2DvmgIedMLqY5swGOrIBE6pX8IsdilRalNvbv6l0QvEl%2FlURiGa%2BGBNUX2rOV10GEkTfKQ2%2BKccJrd2GV2kNHXjrywlN8s9uNhbnBmlY1C3JSY4xHlLS9iwo2todwfR5%2BV2kRvFlt9wGBdV%2BjY6tMuC0gjM77zCwQp2egZTEXcQ3I1R1HYkWHUj36TMaxutJNT8qUFWWXBBFeGeVYl%2BosKW%2FKMhiFCb8c5XnYZq6xgXmNzax64ahkbwO3fD5%2Be5F8A%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=1bd7a3c3a6ab2f96eddc1248743f4e23059301a51bd67bcb9a840c007b567c91&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 2.

Figure 3.
![Forecasted value of gross cost efficiency in 2020 in period I (2002–2007) and period II (2008–2013) [million PLN/% emission reduction compared to the base year 1998], fixed costs in 2013. Source: own elaboration](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/64706f4783f1392090d6977e/j_acee-2019-028_fig_003.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKOYXKKWRV%2F20260221%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260221T142622Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEOP%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJGMEQCIA0X%2Fny8bGdedJqCV%2Fq9F3MpH8HYqod%2FZlYXWItRAxlgAiApChxumzkceNnLLz4HnjuO3KT2cICm2yvcEZvpg5wHqyrGBQis%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F8BEAIaDDk2MzEzNDI4OTk0MCIMIrSi%2BiCiv9iKaKjPKpoFEPakxXM8S1Q%2B3xluXKF1bPuf8n%2BAjar8DPEsVa2kHr8pEfhNZZZS0fORsc46rGi8lgplihUprnoVQ9rItMEqDaDHjsMhmh0zPVPApjNIzI0plk21bQa3aE6Y4pkAmoTmm6MxCALUEReKyLexPi5t6ojQTmyRUY%2B4tPF03QAK16qcN3hputMtprhzvAHEiydKi%2BxtbKftEUVsAX2XQyXVm0Z4Q8NXFW07mgxOyvA0qNCC5Hz226QR2n%2Brjb%2BPStwHAiPhdx0d6TXO2O63oCZzCc%2F9obEt9AJDQxpIONEEmDvEGWruiM9pqF1MSQV9MCTk4g8w26GIKEewOFENdfmR81%2B2Uh%2FMMC%2FJ5uD0GmSKkwwXK2k%2Bts86hIbPW7xHw8hriQ7z2kUZRtwgIVHx8FxQLFSQ5Zd4tBex%2Bmyep7%2FRRPiz26nBQb0hJ%2FyINCWXESBZ3yRPQ7HDJyWMU22VjgCx5PHj6KZdrrnb1nDJ2g%2BGIhhhUfgEaGwiX08Xe4h8BB6F7YxSRzzBYNAQxwvK4qqonP5GW2nHE2oAwQ1qOfEYvcCz5WFGpOSg3%2FMBmy8969vsZkMprAqXpSGBRK3O1Ie0vZXQzPRY%2F8%2FtNctMhRHaoH%2FaVI1UhKMyhmPV5IRn420ETfYnoLAXUZv2EOKAGDqNIDkutu7zkc63SRGY4UraWFoQQWReNFPUzj7688In7IrSd%2FkQDqwvzFURzzyRn%2BN0M6FiRYEoBSBlmAuTxEyhnV4kwgYiHXyrEF8bDYacdTf%2BBijgJX1Mz3MVnUUSIdxFO%2FxzgT4sIwh7jNPbJLPM%2FUlS856oybJ4853qoh4dal6xPKJ2fHrZxJzaetJps8HD9lve9Lte79bY6xW%2FRNyu9tg0VBvq2DvmgIedMLqY5swGOrIBE6pX8IsdilRalNvbv6l0QvEl%2FlURiGa%2BGBNUX2rOV10GEkTfKQ2%2BKccJrd2GV2kNHXjrywlN8s9uNhbnBmlY1C3JSY4xHlLS9iwo2todwfR5%2BV2kRvFlt9wGBdV%2BjY6tMuC0gjM77zCwQp2egZTEXcQ3I1R1HYkWHUj36TMaxutJNT8qUFWWXBBFeGeVYl%2BosKW%2FKMhiFCb8c5XnYZq6xgXmNzax64ahkbwO3fD5%2Be5F8A%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=322846e3b8f74b0d1c499a092bd4cbab580d40671b50f9f2ca2b38d48119a08e&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 4.
![The actual and projected value of the environmental effect in 2020 in period I (2002–2007) and period II (2008–2013) [percentage of emission reductions compared to the base year 1998]. Source: own elaboration](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/64706f4783f1392090d6977e/j_acee-2019-028_fig_004.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKOYXKKWRV%2F20260221%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260221T142622Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEOP%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJGMEQCIA0X%2Fny8bGdedJqCV%2Fq9F3MpH8HYqod%2FZlYXWItRAxlgAiApChxumzkceNnLLz4HnjuO3KT2cICm2yvcEZvpg5wHqyrGBQis%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F8BEAIaDDk2MzEzNDI4OTk0MCIMIrSi%2BiCiv9iKaKjPKpoFEPakxXM8S1Q%2B3xluXKF1bPuf8n%2BAjar8DPEsVa2kHr8pEfhNZZZS0fORsc46rGi8lgplihUprnoVQ9rItMEqDaDHjsMhmh0zPVPApjNIzI0plk21bQa3aE6Y4pkAmoTmm6MxCALUEReKyLexPi5t6ojQTmyRUY%2B4tPF03QAK16qcN3hputMtprhzvAHEiydKi%2BxtbKftEUVsAX2XQyXVm0Z4Q8NXFW07mgxOyvA0qNCC5Hz226QR2n%2Brjb%2BPStwHAiPhdx0d6TXO2O63oCZzCc%2F9obEt9AJDQxpIONEEmDvEGWruiM9pqF1MSQV9MCTk4g8w26GIKEewOFENdfmR81%2B2Uh%2FMMC%2FJ5uD0GmSKkwwXK2k%2Bts86hIbPW7xHw8hriQ7z2kUZRtwgIVHx8FxQLFSQ5Zd4tBex%2Bmyep7%2FRRPiz26nBQb0hJ%2FyINCWXESBZ3yRPQ7HDJyWMU22VjgCx5PHj6KZdrrnb1nDJ2g%2BGIhhhUfgEaGwiX08Xe4h8BB6F7YxSRzzBYNAQxwvK4qqonP5GW2nHE2oAwQ1qOfEYvcCz5WFGpOSg3%2FMBmy8969vsZkMprAqXpSGBRK3O1Ie0vZXQzPRY%2F8%2FtNctMhRHaoH%2FaVI1UhKMyhmPV5IRn420ETfYnoLAXUZv2EOKAGDqNIDkutu7zkc63SRGY4UraWFoQQWReNFPUzj7688In7IrSd%2FkQDqwvzFURzzyRn%2BN0M6FiRYEoBSBlmAuTxEyhnV4kwgYiHXyrEF8bDYacdTf%2BBijgJX1Mz3MVnUUSIdxFO%2FxzgT4sIwh7jNPbJLPM%2FUlS856oybJ4853qoh4dal6xPKJ2fHrZxJzaetJps8HD9lve9Lte79bY6xW%2FRNyu9tg0VBvq2DvmgIedMLqY5swGOrIBE6pX8IsdilRalNvbv6l0QvEl%2FlURiGa%2BGBNUX2rOV10GEkTfKQ2%2BKccJrd2GV2kNHXjrywlN8s9uNhbnBmlY1C3JSY4xHlLS9iwo2todwfR5%2BV2kRvFlt9wGBdV%2BjY6tMuC0gjM77zCwQp2egZTEXcQ3I1R1HYkWHUj36TMaxutJNT8qUFWWXBBFeGeVYl%2BosKW%2FKMhiFCb8c5XnYZq6xgXmNzax64ahkbwO3fD5%2Be5F8A%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=af792359807fc721b9a2bd4135570a9c5f560002f00e2c01e103ed78e6278d30&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
The environmental effect
| Detailed list | Year of analysis | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I period of analysis | ||||||
| 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | |
| Environmental effect [% of CO2reduction] | 33.945 | 30.759 | 31.496 | 31.719 | 29.627 | 31.634 |
| II period of analysis | ||||||
| 2008 | 2008 | 2008 | 2008 | 2008 | 2008 | |
| 33.988 | 33.988 | 33.988 | 33.988 | 33.988 | 33.988 | |
The measures of matching and verification of linearised time series models of cost-effectiveness time series
| Specification | Measurements of model fit and verification | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| R2 | The standard error of estimation | Statistics F | p | |
| Gross Costs | ||||
| The first period | 0.5421 | 1.939 | 4.7351 | 0.0952 |
| The second period | 0.5505 | 1.851 | 4.8985 | 0.0912 |
| Net costs | ||||
| The first period | 0.5475 | 1.870 | 4.8409 | 0.0926 |
| The second period | 0.2095 | 1.924 | 1.0603 | 0.3613 |
Cost-effectiveness of CO2 reduction measures in the years 2002–2013 [million PLN/percentage of CO2 emission reduction, related to the 1988 emission level], fixed prices in 2013
| Analysis period | Year | Cost-effectiveness in relation to gross costs | Cost-effectiveness in relation to net costs |
|---|---|---|---|
| I period | 2002 | 35.9693 | 35.1902 |
| 2003 | 41.5068 | 40.6470 | |
| 2004 | 39.5434 | 38.7038 | |
| 2005 | 39.3764 | 38.5426 | |
| 2006 | 43.6976 | 42.6623 | |
| 2007 | 40.3013 | 39.4591 | |
| II period | 2008 | 36.3873 | 35.6034 |
| 2009 | 36.5995 | 33.7905 | |
| 2010 | 41.2125 | 38.1665 | |
| 2011 | 42.3502 | 39.2228 | |
| 2012 | 39.0837 | 36.0018 | |
| 2013 | 40.6166 | 37.0052 |
The measures of verification and matching of single equation cost-effectiveness models
| Specification | The Measurements of model fit and verification | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| R2 | A standard error of estimation | F statistics | p | |
| The first period | 0.96524 | 0.34206 | 41.649 | 0.00648 |
| The second period | 0.97612 | 0.28694 | 27.252 | 0.03560 |