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Figure 11.
The results of air flow measured in the air outlet
| Flat | ti, °C | Grilles dimension, cm | Air flow, m3/h | Number of air exchanges h-1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Floor 1 | M1 | 20.7 | 16×16 | 32 | 0.25 |
| 17×17 | 0 | ||||
| M2 | 21.2 | 16×16 | 30 | 0.61 | |
| 16×16 | 32 | ||||
| Ø 11 | 30 | ||||
| Floor IV | M15 | 21.0 | 16×16 | 40 | 0.57 |
| 16×16 | 30 | ||||
| 17×17 | 35 | ||||
Designated indicators of the energy performance of the building
| Thermal characteristic of the building | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Based on measurement | Based on calculations [20] | Based on calculations [20] | ||||
| ti,m = 21.6°C | ti,m = 21.6°C | ti,st = 20.0°C | ||||
| Final energy | Primary energy | Final energy | Primary energy | Final energy | Primary energy | |
| Heating and ventilations kWh/yr | 102 330 | 133 030 | 188 800 | 245 440 | 211 000 | 274 300 |
| DHW kWh/yr | 82 030 | 106 640 | 82 030 | 106 640 | 82 030 | 106 640 |
| Auxiliaries kWh/yr | 1 900 | 5 700 | 1 900 | 5 700 | 1 900 | 5 700 |
| TOTAL kWh/yr | 186 260 | 245 370 | 272 730 | 257 780 | 294 930 | 386 640 |
| Unit indicator kWh/(m2·yr) | 138 | 182 | 202 | 265 | 218 | 286 |
The results of airtightness measurements
| Flat | Type of window | Micro ventilations of windows | Test conditions | V 50, m3/h | n 50, h-1 | Exponent n | Correlation coefficient |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M1 | Wooden | no | Overpressure | 425 ±0.6% | 3.42 | 0.666 ±0.020 | 0.9964 |
| Underpressure | 406 ±0.6% | 3.26 | 0.663 ±0.020 | 0.9963 | |||
| M2 | PCV | no | Overpressure | 240 ±0.9% | 1.55 | 0.640 ±0.030 | 0.9915 |
| Underpressure | 224 ±1.0% | 1.44 | 0.680 ±0.034 | 0.9902 | |||
| yes | Underpressure | 1372 ±0.7% | 8.82 | 0.562 ±0.023 | 0.9934 | ||
| M15 | Wooden/PCV | no | Overpressure | 751 ±1.6% | 3.98 | 0.582 ±0.052 | 0.9691 |
| Underpressure | 679 ±0.8% | 3.60 | 0.600 ±0.028 | 0.9914 | |||
| yes | Underpressure | 2037 ±1.0% | 10.79 | 0.675 ±0.040 | 0.9865 |
Summary of cold and hot water consumption in the residential part of the building
| Source of data | The percentage of hot water in total water consumption | Water consumption indicator | Water consumption | Time of use in a year | Annual water consumption | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cold + hot water | Hot water | Cold + hot water | Hot water | Cold + hot | Hot | ||||
| % | dm3/(person-day) | dm3/day | day | m3/yr | |||||
| Literature values | |||||||||
| 1. | Dz.U.201.1240 [18] | 38.4 | 1613 | 328.5 | 529.8 | ||||
| 2. | Dz.U.2015.376 [19] | 1.6 * | 1728 | 328.5 | 567.7 | ||||
| Measurements | |||||||||
| 3. | Consumption in 2011 tDHW = 45°C | 52 | 109 | 57.1 | 4595 | 2397 | 365 | 1677 | 875.0 |
| 4. | Consumption in 2011 (corrected) tDHW = 55°C | 41 | 109 | 44.6 | 4595 | 1873 | 365 | 1677 | 683.6 |
Calculation and measurement of heat transfer coefficients of building partitions
| Description | d, m | λ, W/m·K | R, m2·K/W | R, m2·K/W | U, W/(m2K) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Calculation (archival documentation) | On-site measurement | |||||
| The ceiling above the basement – thickness d = 29 cm | ||||||
| Thermal resistance of internal surface | 0.170 | 0.994 | 1.01 | 1.30 | ||
| Cement plaster | 0.03 | 1.000 | 0.030 | |||
| Expanded polystyrene | 0.02 | 0.045 | 0.444 | |||
| Concrete slab | 0.24 | 1.330 | 0.180 | |||
| Thermal resistance of external surface | 0.017 | |||||
| The ceiling above the last floor (Roof) – thickness d = 32 cm | ||||||
| Thermal resistance of internal surface | 0.100 | 1.190 | 0.84 | 0.92 | ||
| Concrete slab | 0.04 | 1.000 | 0.040 | |||
| Mineral wool | 0.04 | 0.052 | 0.769 | |||
| Concrete slab | 0.24 | 1.330 | 0.180 | |||
| Thermal resistance of internal surface | 0.100 | |||||
| External wall – thickness d = 27 cm | ||||||
| Thermal resistance of internal surface | 0.130 | 1.470 | 0.68 | 0.73 | ||
| Cement plaster | 0.005 | 0.82 | 0.006 | |||
| Concrete | 0.15 | 2.30 | 0.061 | |||
| Mineral Wool | 0.06 | 0.05 | 1.200 | |||
| Concrete | 0.06 | 2.00 | 0.030 | |||
| Thermal resistance of external surface | 0.040 | |||||