Figure 1.
The geometry of specimens according to [18]
Figure 2.
Test set-up – determination of tensile strength and stiffness
Figure 3.
Test set-up – determination of Poisson’s ratio
Figure 4.
Characteristic points on the narrow part of the specimen
Figure 5.
Characteristic points of the material model
Figure 6.
A numerical model with boundary conditions [18]
Table 1.
Material parameters used in numerical analyses
| Speed of testing mm/min | σe MPa | εe % | σp MPa | εp % | εf % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 8.00 | 0.83 | 14.65 | 3.80 | 8.30 |
| 10 | 11.00 | 1.15 | 16.20 | 3.10 | 7.10 |
Figure 7.
Stress-strain relationships for all samples
Table 2.
Summary of material parameters of the analyzed adhesive
| Speed of testing mm/min | No. | Tensile strength, σp MPa | Strain related to tensile strength, εp % | Strain at failure, εf % | Modulus of elasticity, E MPa | Poisson’s ratio, μ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Technical Data Sheet [19] | ||||||
| Unknown | 18.6÷20.7 | - | 30÷50 | 517÷689 | 0.41 | |
| Current tests data | ||||||
| 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | 0.363 |
| 2 | - | - | - | - | 0.344 | |
| 3 | - | - | - | - | 0.387 | |
| 4 | 15.24 | 3.90 | 5.71 | 1125 | - | |
| 5 | 15.06 | 4.69 | 10.01 | 1077 | - | |
| 6 | 13.51 | 3.73 | 9.50 | 938 | - | |
| 7 | 14.85 | 4.07 | 10.36 | 1074 | - | |
| 8 | 14.85 | 4.15 | 6.17 | 1075 | - | |
| Average | 14.70 | 4.11 | 8.35 | 1058 | 0.365 | |
| Stand. Deviation | 0.61 | 0.32 | 1.99 | 62.9 | 0.018 | |
| Coeff. of variation | 4.15% | 7.79% | 23.83% | 5.95% | 4.93% | |
| 10 | 9 | 16.58 | 3.25 | 9.83 | 1141 | - |
| 10 | 16.66 | 3.11 | 5.79 | 1137 | - | |
| 11 | 16.64 | 3.22 | 5.35 | 1161 | - | |
| 12 | 15.42 | 3.08 | 4.80 | 1128 | - | |
| 13 | 15.73 | 3.37 | 8.28 | 1090 | - | |
| Average | 16.21 | 3.21 | 6.81 | 1131 | - | |
| Stand. Deviation | 0.53 | 0.10 | 1.92 | 23.3 | - | |
| Coeff. of variation | 3.27% | 3.12% | 28.19% | 2.06% | - | |
Figure 8.
Variation of Poisson's ratio with longitudinal strain
Figure 9.
Base lengths for calculation of strains
Figure 10.
Distribution of longitudinal engineer stress at the beginning of plasticization process
Figure 11.
Longitudinal deformation distribution at the beginning of plasticization process
Figure 12.
Comparison of stress-strain plots obtained from numerical analyses and experiments