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Zinc and Lead in Aquatic Plants and Bottom Sediments of Anthropogenic Rivers

Architecture, Civil Engineering, Environment
Volume 11 (2018): Issue 2 (June 2018)
By:
Open Access
|Apr 2019

Figures & Tables

Lead concentration in different parts of plants

sampling pointCommon Reed (root) [mg·kg−1d.m.]Common Reed (steam) [mg·kg−1d.m.]Yellow Iris (root) [mg·kg−1d.m.]Yellow Iris (steam) [mg·kg−1d.m.]
The Bierawka10.22±1.1680.99±0.1382.3±0.4601.38±0.144
The Gostynia5.67±1.0661.94±0.2071.5±0.3580.78±0.101
The Przemsza186.8±6.77122.6±1.64841.78±2.96224.14±3.792
The Vistula112.6±7.8439.86±1.11418.6±1.4428.6±0.844

Ecotoxicology criteria for assessment of pollution of bottom sediments of rivers and lakes [22]

metalTEL (Threshold Effect Level) [mg kg−1 d.m.]PEL (Probable Effect Levels) [mg kg−1 d.m.]
zinc123315
lead3591

Comparison of the results of ecotoxicological assessment

sampling pointecotoxicological evaluation based on the studiesecotoxicological evaluation of Polish Geological Institute in 2011
The Bierawkasediment often harmfully influencing living organisms*
The Gostyniasediment occasionally harmfully influencing living organismssediment occasionally harmfully influencing living organisms
The Przemszasediment often harmfully influencing living organismssediment often harmfully influencing living organisms
The Vistulasediment often harmfully influencing living organismssediment often harmfully influencing living organisms

Translocation factors for lead and zinc

sampling pointtranslocation factor for leadtranslocation factor for zinc
Common ReedYellow IrisCommon ReedYellow Iris
The Bierawka0.0970.60.160.752
The Gostynia0.3420.520.5530.793
The Przemsza0.1210.5780.4490.812
The Vistula0.0880.4620.1170.74

Phytoaccumulation coefficients for lead

sampling pointplantpart of the plantphytoaccumulation coefficient (PC)accumulation degree
The BierawkaCommon Reedshoot0.012poor
root0.127average
Yellow Irisshoots0.017poor
root0.029poor
The GostyniaCommon Reedshoots0.033poor
root0.096average
Yellow Irisshoots0.013poor
root0.025poor
The PrzemszaCommon Reedshoots0.014poor
root0.115average
Yellow Irisshoots0.015poor
root0.026poor
The VistulaCommon Reedshoots0.011poor
root0.13average
Yellow Irisshoots0.009no accumulation
root0.02poor

Zinc concentration in different parts of plants

sampling pointCommon Reed (root) [mg·kg−1d.m.]Common Reed (steam) [mg·kg−1d.m.]Yellow Iris (root) [mg·kg−1d.m.]Yellow Iris (steam) [mg·kg−1d.m.]
The Bierawka148.7±17.81514.92±1.63521.92±1.68716.48±1.699
The Gostynia111.14±18.89861.49±7.33911.2±1.2478.88±0.295
The Przemsza860.9±104.298386.7±61.957185.78±22.770150.8±11.658
The Vistula144.2±31.90916.8±1.29128.24±2.81120.9±3.299

Acceptable content of zinc and lead in sediments (LAWA classification)

metalPurity class
II-IIII*II-IIIIIIIII-IVIV
UnpollutedUnpollut./ moder. pollutedModer. pollutedModer. polluted/strongly pollutedstrongly pollutedstrongly/very strongly pollutedvery strongly polluted
[mgkg−1 d.m.]
zinc≤100≤200≤400≤800≤1600≤3200>3200
lead≤25≤50≤100≤200≤400≤800>800

Concentration of lead and zinc in bottom sediments

sampling pointlead concentartion [mg·kg−1d.m.]zinc concentration [mg·kg−1d.m.]
The Bierawka80.39±10.2548.1±10.96
The Gostynia58.99±8.6224.06±1.181
The Przemsza1623.82±17.284356.26±104.928
The Vistula866±12.56649.5±59.37

Measuring points

sampling pointlongitude [°]latitude[°]dominant plant species
The Bierawka18.63434350.196518Common Reed (Phragmites australis), Yellow Iris (Iris pseudacorus)
The Gostynia19.1066750.06147Common Reed (Phragmites australis), Yellow Iris (Iris pseudacorus)
The Przemsza19.2387550.16147Common Reed (Phragmites australis) Yellow Iris (Iris pseudacorus)
The Vistula19.23476150.064577Common Reed (Phragmites australis), Yellow Iris (Iris pseudacorus)

Geochemical evaluation criteria of bottom sediments of rivers and lakes [7]

metaluncontaminated sediment [mg kg−1 d.m.]moderately contaminated sediment [mg kg−1 d.m.]contaminated sediment [mg kg−1 d.m.]
zinc2005001000
lead30100200

Comparison of the results of geochemical assessment

sampling pointgeochemical evaluation based on the studiesgeochemical evaluation of the Geological Institute
The Bierawkacontaminated sediment*
The Gostyniamoderately contaminated sedimentcontaminated sediment
The Przemszaheavily contaminated sedimentheavily contaminated sediment
The Vistulacontaminated sedimentmoderately contaminated sediment

Phytoaccumulation coefficients for zinc

sampling pointplantpart of the plantphytoaccumulation coefficient (PC)accumulation degree
The BierawkaCommon Reedshoot0.027poor
root0.271average
Yellow Irisshoots0.003no accumulation
root0.04poor
The GostyniaCommon Reedshoots0.274average
root0.496average
Yellow Irisshoots0.04poor
root0.05poor
The PrzemszaCommon Reedshoots0.089poor
root0.197average
Yellow Irisshoots0.035poor
root0.043poor
The VistulaCommon Reedshoots0.026poor
root0.222average
Yellow Irisshoots0.03poor
root0.04poor

Pearson correlation coefficient

PlantCorrelationThe BierawkaThe GostyniaThe PrzemszaThe Vistula
PbZnPbZnPbZnPbZn
Common Reedsediment - root0.8420.9700.9700.9970.8170.6070.9480.954
sediment - steam0.7360.9480.9670.9820.7980.7510.8140.867
root - steam0.9680.9730.9880.9830.9390.9700.9110.877
Yellow rissediment - root0.8780.9720.9830.9080.8890.8510.8410.967
sediment - steam0.7880.9580.9690.9610.8030.6840.8010.828
root - steam0.9190.9860.9960.9720.9350.8760.9150.933
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/acee-2018-030 | Journal eISSN: 2720-6947 | Journal ISSN: 1899-0142
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Language: English
Page range: 125 - 134
Submitted on: Aug 7, 2017
Accepted on: Jan 24, 2018
Published on: Apr 4, 2019
Published by: Silesian University of Technology
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Keywords:
Bottom sediments,
Heavy metals,
Phytoaccumulation,
Translocation,
Macrophytes
Related subjects:
Architecture and design,
Architecture,
Architects, buildings

© 2019 Anna MAŁACHOWSKA-JUTSZ, Jolanta GUMIŃSKA, published by Silesian University of Technology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

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