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Influence of Architectural Solutions on Building Heat Protection with Example of Historical Rural Houses in Northern Cassubia

Architecture, Civil Engineering, Environment
Volume 11 (2018): Issue 2 (June 2018)
By:
Open Access
|Apr 2019

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Direct research area: a – selected rural regions in coastal Cassubia with the places marked where direct research which consisted of evaluating the existing buildings was carried out, b – the characteristic landscape with wind power plants in the surroundings of Gnieżdżewo in Cassubia (photo by M. Górecka)
Direct research area: a – selected rural regions in coastal Cassubia with the places marked where direct research which consisted of evaluating the existing buildings was carried out, b – the characteristic landscape with wind power plants in the surroundings of Gnieżdżewo in Cassubia (photo by M. Górecka)

Figure 2.

Characteristic forms of rural dwelling houses in coastal Cassubia: a – Ostrowo, b – Swarzewo, c – Dębki, d – Nadole, e – Kluki, f – Smolno, g – Karwieńskie Błota (photos by M. Górecka)
Characteristic forms of rural dwelling houses in coastal Cassubia: a – Ostrowo, b – Swarzewo, c – Dębki, d – Nadole, e – Kluki, f – Smolno, g – Karwieńskie Błota (photos by M. Górecka)

Figure 3.

Room layout in the hut in Nadole: a – general plan of the basement (1 – entrance hall, 2 – main chamber, 3 – corner annex, 4 – larder, 5 – black kitchen), b – section through the chimney facilities, c – view of the entrance hall from the main chamber belonging to the building’s warm zone, d – the main chamber in the building’s warm zone, view of the “holy corner”, e – the room occupied by grandparents in the building’s warm zone, f – corner annex with a small window in the building’s cool zone (photos and drawings by M. Górecka)
Room layout in the hut in Nadole: a – general plan of the basement (1 – entrance hall, 2 – main chamber, 3 – corner annex, 4 – larder, 5 – black kitchen), b – section through the chimney facilities, c – view of the entrance hall from the main chamber belonging to the building’s warm zone, d – the main chamber in the building’s warm zone, view of the “holy corner”, e – the room occupied by grandparents in the building’s warm zone, f – corner annex with a small window in the building’s cool zone (photos and drawings by M. Górecka)

Figure 4.

Selected material and constructive solutions: a – a timber-framed wall filled with clay on perches in the Cassubian hut in Nadole, b – a detail of the timber-framed wall filled with ceramic brick in a farming building in Darżlubie, c – a detail of a reed-covered, halfhip, rafter-type roof with squint window under a ridge and with decorative finial (“pazdur”, “śparogi”) – the hut in Nadole, d – a detail of a small window (nowadays coupled), with wooden shutters, in Karwieńskie Błota (photos by M. Górecka)
Selected material and constructive solutions: a – a timber-framed wall filled with clay on perches in the Cassubian hut in Nadole, b – a detail of the timber-framed wall filled with ceramic brick in a farming building in Darżlubie, c – a detail of a reed-covered, halfhip, rafter-type roof with squint window under a ridge and with decorative finial (“pazdur”, “śparogi”) – the hut in Nadole, d – a detail of a small window (nowadays coupled), with wooden shutters, in Karwieńskie Błota (photos by M. Górecka)

Figure 5.

Localization of buildings: a – plan of a wealthy farmer’s farmstead in the “skansen” in Nadole (1 – dwelling house, 2 – barn, 3 – cowshed, 4 – another dwelling house, built later, 5 – coach house, 6 – cellar, 7 – building of the museum administration, 8 – bread oven, 9 – flower garden, 10 – vegetable garden, 11 – horse gear, 12 – well, 13 – pigeon loft), b – today’s Cassubian villages with street systems, developed in history, enabling to maximally expose the dwelling houses to the sun (1 – Karwieńskie Błota, 2 – Strzelno, 3 – Mechowo) (drawings by M. Górecka)
Localization of buildings: a – plan of a wealthy farmer’s farmstead in the “skansen” in Nadole (1 – dwelling house, 2 – barn, 3 – cowshed, 4 – another dwelling house, built later, 5 – coach house, 6 – cellar, 7 – building of the museum administration, 8 – bread oven, 9 – flower garden, 10 – vegetable garden, 11 – horse gear, 12 – well, 13 – pigeon loft), b – today’s Cassubian villages with street systems, developed in history, enabling to maximally expose the dwelling houses to the sun (1 – Karwieńskie Błota, 2 – Strzelno, 3 – Mechowo) (drawings by M. Górecka)

Figure 6.

Selected examples of contemporary buildings referring to the traditional solutions in Cassubian huts – dwelling houses, Karwieńskie Błota (photos by M. Górecka)
Selected examples of contemporary buildings referring to the traditional solutions in Cassubian huts – dwelling houses, Karwieńskie Błota (photos by M. Górecka)

Characteristic selected architectural elements affecting the building’s thermal protection – folk architecture from the 19th century, coastal Cassubia (drawings by M_ Górecka)

Selected elements of architectureCharacteristics of the selected elements

  • dense building mass on a rectangular plan,

  • high roof, playing the role of a thermal buffer for the ground floor; it has an appropriate slope angle – ca. 48° – and eaves protruding out of the external walls at 80 cm (protection of external walls including the gable walls and building entrance zone),

  • canopy in a form of a recess, placed in the gable wall and protecting the entrance (in tightly builtup settlements, e.g. in Smolno)

• small usable height of rooms – ca. 2.2 m.

  • two-bay layout dividing the interior into a cool zone (farming rooms) and warm zone (representative rooms),

  • entrance hall protecting the building’s interior against wind and inflow of cold air; the entrance zone is protected against atmospheric conditions by an external architectural element – eaves,

  • presence of only one chimney – concentration of heating and kitchen facilities, constituting a massive reservoir of heat energy, in the central part of a building

  • application of local building materials with good thermoinsulating properties (wood, clay on perches as well as reed, characterized by relatively high ability of heat accumulation),

  • the timber-framed walls filled with brick are covered by pugging made of gravel and clay

  • few window openings with small areas depending on the zone connected to interior temperature (the ratio of window area to floor area is equal ca. 1:13),

  • wooden shutters by larger windows

  • joining of dwelling and farming parts – improvement of the energy balance (hamlet-type settlements, e.g. in Karwieńskie Błota and Swarzewo),

  • orientation of a dwelling house towards the sun (for the house in Nadole, the declination from the N-S direction is equal ca. 35° towards the west)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/acee-2018-019 | Journal eISSN: 2720-6947 | Journal ISSN: 1899-0142
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Language: English
Page range: 25 - 37
Submitted on: Nov 16, 2017
Accepted on: Jun 11, 2018
Published on: Apr 1, 2019
Published by: Silesian University of Technology
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Keywords:
Rural detached house,
Building heat protection,
Building architectural elements.
Related subjects:
Architecture and design,
Architecture,
Architects, buildings

© 2019 Mirosława GÓRECKA, Marek CHALECKI, published by Silesian University of Technology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

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