Figure 1.
Grain Size Distribution of Sand
Table 1.
Properties of epoxy
| Property | Component A | Component B | Component A+B (A:B is 2:1) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density | 11.7kN/m3 | 10kN/m3 | 11.4 kN/m3 |
| Viscosity at 25°C | ca. 600 mPa.s (milli Pascal. second) | ca. 400 mPa.s (milli Pascal. second) | ca. 550 mPa.s (milli Pascal. second) |
| Compression Strength | 100 MPa | ||
| Temperature Resistance | Max 50 °C | ||
| E-modulus | 300 MPa | ||
| Hardness shore A | 95 |
Figure 2.
The cylindrical specimens a) sand mixed with each of 10%, 20%, 30% of cement b) sand mixed with 50% of cement
Figure 3.
The prism specimen (sand + epoxy) a) in the wooden mold b) after extrusion
Table 2.
Dimensions of specimens
| Specimen No. | 1(small) | 2(medium) | 3(large) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cylindrical | |||
| Height of specimen (L) mm | 70 | 86 | 105 |
| Diameter of specimen(D)mm | 42 | 42 | 42 |
| Aspect ratio D/L | 0.6 | 0.488 | 0.4 |
| Prism | 1 | 2 | |
| Length of Specimen mm | 150.27 | 150.71 | |
| Width of specimen mm | 101.39 | 113.12 | |
| Thickness of specimen mm | 11.82 | 12.01 |
Figure 4.
c) cylindrical specimen connected to software d) flexural frequency for prism specimen with 3% epoxy
Table 3.
Poisson ratio for cylindrical treated specimens
| Additive’s Percentage | Aspect Ratio of Cylindrical Specimens | Poisson Ratio (proposal) | Poisson Ratio (calculated) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1% | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.301343101 |
| 0.48 | 0.29 | 0.292045291 | |
| 0.4 | 0.29 | 0.291639096 | |
| 2% | 0.6 | 0.26 | 0.259105869 |
| 0.48 | 0.24 | 0.241980416 | |
| 0.4 | 0.24 | 0.241586634 | |
| 3% | 0.6 | 0.22 | 0.221253169 |
| 0.48 | 0.2 | 0.20559029 | |
| 0.4 | 0.18 | 0.181458296 | |
| 4% | 0.6 | 0.165 | 0.162515082 |
| 0.48 | 0.16 | 0.162010583 | |
| 0.4 | 0.17 | 0.170111179 | |
| 5% | 0.6 | 0.15 | 0.150715709 |
| 0.48 | 0.14 | 0.142043808 | |
| 0.4 | 0.14 | 0.140292754 |
Figure 5.
Young Modulus (E) vs the aspect ratio for treated cylindrical specimens with additives from 1% up to 5%
Figure 6.
Young Modulus (E) vs the additives percentage for all sizes of cylindrical specimens
Figure 7.
Poisson ratio vs the aspect ratio for treated cylindrical specimens with additives from 1% up to 5%
Figure 8.
Poisson ratio vs the additives percentage for all sizes of cylindrical specimens
Figure 9.
Young modulus (E) & Poisson ratio vs the additives percentage for cylindrical specimens a) aspect ratio 0.4, b) aspect ratio 0.48, c) aspect ratio 0.6
Figure 10.
Strength (MPa) of cylindrical specimens versus the additives’ percentage
Figure 11.
Maximum load (N) vs the aspect ratio for treated specimens with additives from 1% up to 5%
Figure 12.
Strength (MPa) of cylindrical specimens vs the aspect ratio