Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
![General ecological tolerance curve of the species. Based on Lynch and Gabriel [45].](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6470924771e4585e08aa0309/j_PM-2019.58.4.375_fig_002.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20251208%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251208T132446Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=a1e4684c99d997e1c82e15c6d6725d3f225440f8a5603ee789322c2296e0c62d&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Minimum value of water activity in the environment for various microorganisms
| Water acivity (aw) | Microorganisms |
|---|---|
| 1.00 | Caulobacter, Spirillum |
| 0.98 | Pseudomonas, Clostridium |
| 0.95 | Gram-negative bacteria |
| 0.91 | Bacillus, Lactobacillus |
| 0.88 | Saccharomyces, Candida |
| 0.85 | Selected filamentous fungi (e.g. Penicillium) |
| 0.80 | Part of the yeast |
| 0.75 | Most of the filamentous fungi (e.g. Aspergillus, Monascus) |
| 0.60 | Halophytes (e.g. Vibrio, Halomonas, Paracoccus) |