Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login
The Military to Civilian Transition: Exploring Experiences of Transitions to ‘Civvy Street’ and Implications for the Self Cover

The Military to Civilian Transition: Exploring Experiences of Transitions to ‘Civvy Street’ and Implications for the Self

By:  and    
Open Access
|Nov 2023

References

  1. Adler, A. M. Y. B., Zamorski, M., & Britt, T. W. (2011). The psychology of transition: Adapting to home after deployment. In A. B. Adler, P. D. Bliese & C. C. Castro (Eds.), Deployment psychology: Evidence-based strategies to promote mental health in the military (pp. 153174). American Psychological Association. DOI: 10.1037/12300-006
  2. Ahern, J., Worthen, M., Masters, J., Lippman, S. A., Ozer, E. J., & Moos, R. (2015). The challenges of Afghanistan and Iraq veterans’ transition from military to civilian life and approaches to reconnection. PLoS ONE, 10(7), 113. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128599
  3. Anderson, M. L., Goodman, J., & Schlossberg, N. K. (2012). Counseling adults in transition: Linking Schlossberg’s Theory with practice in a diverse world (4th ed). Springer Publishing Company. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cbdv.200490137/abstract
  4. Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55(5), 469480. DOI: 10.1037/0003-066X.55.5.469
  5. Ashcroft, L. (2014). The veterans transition review. http://www.veteranstransition.co.uk/vtrreport.pdf
  6. Becker, J. C., Hartwich, L., & Haslam, S. A. (2021). Neoliberalism can reduce well-being by promoting a sense of social disconnection, competition, and loneliness. British Journal of Social Psychology, 60(3), 947965. DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12438
  7. Bell, D. (2019). Neoliberalism is bad for your mental health. In D. Morgan (Ed.), The unconscious in social and political life (1st ed., pp. 79102). Phoenix Publishing House.
  8. Bergman, B. P., Burdett, H. J., & Greenberg, N. (2014). Service life and beyond–Institution or culture? RUSI Journal, 159(5), 6068. DOI: 10.1080/03071847.2014.969946
  9. Beutel, M. E., Klein, E. M., Brähler, E., Reiner, I., Jünger, C., Michal, M., Wiltink, J., Wild, P. S., Münzel, T., Lackner, K. J., & Tibubos, A. N. (2017). Loneliness in the general population: Prevalence, determinants and relations to mental health. BMC Psychiatry, 17(1), 17. DOI: 10.1186/s12888-017-1262-x
  10. Binks, E., & Cambridge, S. (2018). The transition experiences of British military veterans. Political Psychology, 39(1), 125142. DOI: 10.1111/pops.12399
  11. Bonnington, O., & Rose, D. (2014). Exploring stigmatisation among people diagnosed with either bipolar disorder or borderline personality disorder: A critical realist analysis. Social Science and Medicine, 123, 717. DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.10.048
  12. Bourdieu, P. (1984). Distinction: A social critique of the judgement of Taste. Routledge.
  13. Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77101. DOI: 10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
  14. Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2013). Successful qualitative research: A practical guide for beginners. SAGE.
  15. Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2019). Reflecting on reflexive thematic analysis. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 11(4), 589597. DOI: 10.1080/2159676X.2019.1628806
  16. Braun, V., Clarke, V., & Hayfield, N. (2015). Thematic analysis. In J. Smith (Ed.), Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods (pp. 222248). Sage.
  17. Breakwell, G. (1986). Coping with threatened identities. Meuthen.
  18. Brunger, H., Serrato, J., & Ogden, J. (2013). “No man’s land”: The transition to civilian life. Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research, 5(2), 86100. DOI: 10.1108/17596591311313681
  19. Burkitt, I. (2008). Social selves: Theories of self and society (2nd ed.). SAGE. DOI: 10.4135/9781446212769
  20. Comello, M. L. G. (2009). William James on “possible selves”: Implications for studying identity in communication contexts. Communication Theory, 19(3), 337350. DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2885.2009.01346.x
  21. Cooper, L., Caddick, N., Godier, L., Cooper, A., & Fossey, M. (2018). Transition from the military into civilian life: An exploration of cultural competence. Armed Forces and Society, 44(1), 156177. DOI: 10.1177/0095327X16675965
  22. Crane, D. (2000). Fashion and it’s social agendas: Class, gender, and identity in clothing. The University of Chicago Press. DOI: 10.7208/chicago/9780226924830.001.0001
  23. Cushman, P. (1996). Constructing the self, constructing America: A cultural history of psychotherapy. Addison-Wesley/Addison Wesley Longman.
  24. Demers, A. (2011). When veterans return: The role of community in reintegration. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 16(2), 160179. DOI: 10.1080/15325024.2010.519281
  25. Demers, A. L. (2013). From death to life: Female veterans, identity negotiation, and reintegration into society. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 53(4), 489515. DOI: 10.1177/0022167812472395
  26. Ehlers, A., & Clark, D. M. (2000). A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38(4), 319345. DOI: 10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00123-0
  27. Ellis-Hill, C. S., Payne, S., & Ward, C. (2000). Self-body split: Issues of identity in physical recovery following a stroke. Disability and Rehabilitation, 22(16), 725733. DOI: 10.1080/09638280050191990
  28. Evans, C. (2018). Analysing semi-structured interviews using thematic analysis: Exploring voluntary civic participation among adults. In J. Lewis (Ed.), Sage research methods datasets (pp. 16). Sage. DOI: 10.4135/9781526439284
  29. Garrett, R. (2004). Negotiating a physical identity: Girls, bodies and physical education. Sport, Education and Society, 9(2), 223237. DOI: 10.1080/1357332042000233958
  30. Gergen, K. (2004). Social constructionism. In M. S. Lewis-Beck, A. Bryman & T. Futing Liao (Eds.), The Sage encyclopedia of social science research methods. Sage. DOI: 10.4135/9781412950589.n164
  31. Godier-Mcbard, L. R., Cable, G., Wood, A. D., & Fossey, M. (2022). Gender differences in barriers to mental healthcare for UK military veterans: A preliminary investigation. BMJ Military Health, 168(1), 7075. DOI: 10.1136/bmjmilitary-2020-001754
  32. Greenberger, D., & Padesky, C. (2016). Mind over modd: Change how you feel by changing the way you think (2nd ed.). Guildford Press.
  33. Grogan, S., Gill, S., Brownbridge, K., Kilgariff, S., & Whalley, A. (2013). Dress fit and body image: A thematic analysis of women’s accounts during and after trying on dresses. Body Image, 10(3), 380388. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2013.03.003
  34. Haagen, J. F. G., Smid, G. E., Knipscheer, J. W., & Kleber, R. J. (2015). The efficacy of recommended treatments for veterans with PTSD: A metaregression analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 40, 184194. DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2015.06.008
  35. Hanna, P. (2012). Using internet technologies (such as Skype) as a research medium: A research note. Qualitative Research, 12(2), 239242. DOI: 10.1177/1468794111426607
  36. Harden, L., & Murphy, D. (2018). Risk factors of suicidal ideation in a population of UK military veterans seeking support for mental health difficulties. Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps, 164(5), 352356. DOI: 10.1136/jramc-2018-000921
  37. Harper, D. (2011). Choosing a qualitative research method. In D. Harper & A. R. Thompson (Eds.), Qualitative research methods in mental health and psychotherapy: A guide for students and practitioners (pp. 8397). Wiley-Blackwell. DOI: 10.1002/9781119973249.ch7
  38. Hatch, S. L., Harvey, S. B., Dandeker, C., Burdett, H., Greenberg, N., Fear, N. T., & Wessely, S. (2013). Life in and after the Armed Forces: Social networks and mental health in the UK military. Sociology of Health and Illness, 35(7), 10451064. DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.12022
  39. Hofstede, G. (2011). Dimensionalizing cultures: The Hofstede Model in context. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 2(1), 117. DOI: 10.9707/2307-0919.1014
  40. Hunt, E. J. F., Wessely, S., Jones, N., Rona, R. J., & Greenberg, N. (2014). The mental health of the UK armed forces: Where facts meet fiction. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 5. DOI: 10.3402/ejpt.v5.23617
  41. Iversen, A. C., Nikolaou, V., Greenberg, N., Unwin, C., Hull, L., Hotopf, M., Dandeker, C., Ross, J., & Wessely, S. (2005). What happens to British veterans when they leave the armed forces? European Journal of Public Health, 15(2), 175184. DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cki128
  42. Iversen, A. C., van Staden, L., Hughes, J. H., Browne, T., Hull, L., Hall, J., Greenberg, N., Rona, R. J., Hotopf, M., Wessely, S., & Fear, N. T. (2009). The prevalence of common mental disorders and PTSD in the UK military: Using data from a clinical interview-based study. BMC Psychiatry, 9, 112. DOI: 10.1186/1471-244X-9-68
  43. James, W. (1890). The principles of psychology. Dover. DOI: 10.1037/10538-000
  44. Kılınç, S., Campbell, C., Guy, A., & van Wersch, A. (2018). Epilepsy, identity, and the experience of the body. Epilepsy and Behavior, 89, 4247. DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2018.10.003
  45. Kraus, M. W., & Park, J. W. (2014). The undervalued self: Social class and self-evaluation. Frontiers in Psychology, 5(DEC), 19. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01404
  46. Lester, R. J. (1997). The (dis)embodied, self in anorexia nervosa. Social Science and Medicine, 44(4), 479489. DOI: 10.1016/S0277-9536(96)00166-9
  47. Manzi, C., Vignoles, V., & Regalia, C. (2010). Accommodating a new identity: Possible selves, identity change and well-being across two life-transitions. European Journal of Social Psychology, 40(6), 970984. DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.669
  48. Marchiondo, C. N. (2016). An interpretative phenomenological analysis of veterans’ and partners’ perceptions of meaning in life and its influence on their adaptations to life after combat [Master’s thesis]. Michigan State University.
  49. Markus, H., & Nurius, P. (1986). Possible selves. American Psychologist, 41(9), 954969. DOI: 10.1037/0003-066X.41.9.954
  50. Mathieson, C. M., & Stam, H. J. (1995). Reneotiating identity: Cancer narratives. Sociology of Health & Illness, 17(3), 283306. DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.ep10933316
  51. Maxwell, J. A. (2012). A realist approach for qualitative research. SAGE.
  52. Miller, P. (2021). “System conditions”, system failure, structural racism and anti-racism in the United Kingdom: Evidence from education and beyond. Societies, 11(2), 42. DOI: 10.3390/soc11020042
  53. Ministry of Defense. (2014). UK defence doctrine. Joint Doctrine Publication 0–01, November, 183. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/389755/20141208-JDP_0_01_Ed_5_UK_Defence_Doctrine.pdf
  54. Ministry of Defence. (2020). UK armed forces biannual diversity statistics. https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/uk-armed-forces-biannual-diversity-statistics-2020
  55. Ministry of Defence. (2022). Quarterly Service Personnel Statistics 1 January 2022. https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/quarterly-service-personnel-statistics-2022/quarterly-service-personnel-statistics-1-january-2022
  56. Murphy, D., Ashwick, R., Palmer, E., & Busuttil, W. (2019). Describing the profile of a population of UK veterans seeking support for mental health difficulties. Journal of Mental Health, 28(6), 654661. DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2017.1385739
  57. Office for Veterans’ Affairs. (2020). Veterans factsheet 2020. 20. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5e79ebdad3bf7f52f9ee0b42/6.6409_CO_Armed-Forces_Veterans-Factsheet_v9_web.pdf
  58. Pearce, W. B. (2005). The coordinated management of meaning. In W. B. Gudykunst (Ed.), Theorizing about Intercultural Communication (pp. 3554). Sage.
  59. Razai, M. S., Majeed, A., & Esmail, A. (2021). Structural racism is a fundamental cause and driver of ethnic disparities in health. The BMJ, 373(April), 1213. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.n938
  60. Rose, N. (1998). Inventing ourselves: Psychology, power, and personhood. Isis, 89(1), 119120. DOI: 10.1086/383934
  61. Rose, N. (1999). Governing the soul: The shaping of the private self (2nd ed.). Free Association Books.
  62. Slavich, G. M., O’Donovan, A., Epel, E. S., & Kemeny, M. E. (2010). Black sheep get the blues: A psychobiological model of social rejection and depression. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 35(1), 3945. DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.01.003
  63. Slotter, E. B., & Walsh, C. M. (2017). All role transitions are not experienced equally: Associations among self-change, emotional reactions, and self-concept clarity. Self and Identity, 16(5), 531556. DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2017.1280528
  64. Smith, M. B. (1993). William James and the psychology of self. In M. E. Donnelly (Ed.), Reinterpreting the legacy of William James (pp. 173187). American Psychological Association. DOI: 10.1037/10122-011
  65. Smith, R. T., & True, G. (2014). Warring identities: Identity conflict and the mental distress of American veterans of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Society and Mental Health, 4(2), 147161. DOI: 10.1177/2156869313512212
  66. Strube, J., Youst, J. H., & Bailey, J. R. (1993). William James and contemporary research on the self: The influence of pragmatism, reality, and truth. In M. E. Donnelly (Ed.), Reinterpreting the legacy of William James. (pp. 189207). American Psychological Association. DOI: 10.1037/10122-003
  67. Swann, W. B. Jr., & Bosson, J. K. (2010). Self and identity. In S. T. Fiske, D. T. Gilbert & G. Lindzey (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology (pp. 589628). John Wiley & Sons. DOI: 10.1002/9780470561119.socpsy001016
  68. Thoits, P. (2013). Self, identity, stress, and mental health. In C. S. Aneshensel, J. Phelan & A. Bierman (Eds.), Handbook of the sociology of mental health (2nd ed., pp. 355377). Springer. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-4276-5_18
  69. Trevisan, F., Rusconi, P., Hanna, P., & Hegarty, P. (2021). Psychologising meritocracy: A historical account of its many guises. Theory and Psychology, 32(2), 221242. DOI: 10.1177/09593543211057098
  70. Walker, C., Hart, A., & Hanna, P. (2017). Building a new community psychology of mental health. Palgrave MacMillian. DOI: 10.1057/978-1-137-36099-1
  71. Walker, D. I. (2013). Anticipating army exit: Identity constructions of final year UK career soldiers. Armed Forces and Society, 39(2), 284304. DOI: 10.1177/0095327X12437689
  72. Waller, G., Cordery, H., Corstophine, E., Hinrichsen, H., Lawson, R., Mountford, V., & Russell, K. (2007). Cognitive behavioural therapy for eating disorders (1st ed.). Cambridge University Press. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9781139644204
  73. Watson, N. (2002). Well, I know this is going to sound very strange to you, but I don’t see myself as a disabled person: Identity and disability. Disability and Society, 17(5), 509527. DOI: 10.1080/09687590220148496
  74. Willig. (1999). Beyond appearances: A critical realist approach to social constructionist work. In D. Nightingale & J. Cromby (Eds.), Social constructionist psychology: A critical analysis of theory and practice (pp. 3751). Open University Press.
  75. Willig, C. (2012). Perspectives on the epistemological bases for qualitative research. In H. Cooper, P. M. Camic, D. L. Long, A. T. Panter, D. Rindskopf & K. J. Sher (Eds.), APA handbook of research methods in psychology:Foundations, planning, measures, and psychometrics (Vol. 1., pp. 521). American Psychological Association.
  76. Willig, C. (2013). Introducing qualitative research in psychology (3rd ed.). Open University Press.
  77. Wright, E. R., Gronfein, W. P., & Owens, T. J. (2000). Deinstitutionalization, social rejection, and the self-esteem of former mental patients. Journal of Health and Social Behaviour, 41(1), 6890. DOI: 10.2307/2676361
  78. Zhao, S. (2014). Self as an emic object: A re-reading of William James on self. Theory & Psychology, 24(2), 199216. DOI: 10.1177/0959354314527181
Language: English
Page range: 74 - 88
Submitted on: May 22, 2023
Accepted on: Oct 3, 2023
Published on: Nov 22, 2023
Published by: Virginia Tech Publishing
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 2023 James Morris, Paul Hanna, published by Virginia Tech Publishing
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.