Table 1
T-test and Mann-Whitney Results Comparing VA and Non-VA Hospital Patient Satisfaction.
| HCAHPS SURVEY QUESTION | RESPONSE | VA | NON-VA | TEST STATISTIC | P-VALUE | EFFECT SIZE | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MEAN (SD) | MEDIAN (RANGE) | MEAN (SD) | MEDIAN (RANGE) | |||||
| 1. Nurses Communicated Well | 1. Always | 80.59 (5.04) | 81 (24) | 75.56 (4.85) | 76 (30) | U = 2928 | <.0001* | rrb = 0.541 |
| 2. Usually | 14.93 (3.36) | 15 (17) | 17.96 (2.46) | 18 (14) | U = 2861 | <.0001* | rrb = 0.552 | |
| 3. Sometimes or Never | 4.48 (2.28) | 4 (11) | 6.49 (3.38) | 6 (18) | U = 3930 | <.0001* | rrb = 0.375 | |
| 2. Doctors Communicated Well | 1. Always | 81.67 (3.83) | 81 (20) | 76.66 (4.15) | 77 (24) | t = –9.426 | <.0001* | D = 1.254 |
| 2. Usually | 14.05 (2.80) | 14 (15) | 16.94 (2.47) | 17 (14) | U = 2772 | <.0001* | rrb = 0.566 | |
| 3. Sometimes or Never | 4.27 (1.74) | 4 (9) | 6.40 (2.58) | 6 (13) | U = 3192 | <.0001* | rrb = 0.500 | |
| 3. Help Was Received Promptly | 1. Always | 68.19 (7.72) | 67 (42) | 58.19 (7.14) | 58 (49) | U = 1966.5 | <.0001* | rrb = 0.692 |
| 2. Usually | 22.25 (4.77) | 23 (37) | 27.31 (4.02) | 28 (25) | U = 2156.5 | <.0001* | rrb = 0.662 | |
| 3. Sometimes or Never | 9.57 (4.55) | 9 (21) | 14.50 (5.88) | 14 (34) | U = 3120.5 | <.0001* | rrb = 0.511 | |
| 4. Room and Bathroom Were Clean | 1. Always | 73.64 (6.71) | 74 (33) | 67.31 (6.52) | 67 (35) | t = –7.191 | <.0001* | D = 0.957 |
| 2. Usually | 17.52 (4.07) | 18 (21) | 20.26 (3.09) | 20 (18) | U = 3747 | <.0001* | rrb = 0.413 | |
| 3. Sometimes or Never | 8.84 (3.34) | 9 (19) | 12.43 (4.40) | 12 (21) | U = 3282.5 | <.0001* | rrb = 0.486 | |
| 5. Patient Preferences Were Taken Into Consideration† | 1. Strongly Agree | 47.85 (5.79) | 48 (30) | 41.58 (6.08) | 41 (33) | t = –7.892 | <.0001* | D = 1.055 |
| 2. Agree | 44.43 (4.27) | 44 (22) | 48.85 (3.76) | 49 (20) | t = 8.213 | <.0001* | D = 1.098 | |
| 3. Disagree or Strongly Disagree | 7.72 (2.91) | 8 (18) | 9.59 (4.01) | 9 (24) | U = 4532.5 | .0003* | rrb = 0.277 | |
| 6. Transition Of Care Was Understood Upon Discharge | 1. Strongly Agree | 56.92 (5.06) | 57 (29) | 48.48 (5.60) | 48 (27) | t = –11.887 | <.0001* | D = 1.581 |
| 2. Agree | 37.39 (3.89) | 38 (23) | 44.13 (3.79) | 44 (20) | t = 13.182 | <.0001* | D = 1.754 | |
| 3. Disagree or Strongly Disagree | 5.69 (2.04) | 6 (11) | 7.39 (2.79) | 7 (15) | U = 4069.5 | <.0001* | rrb = 0.363 | |
| 7. Hospital Rating | 1. 9–10 (High) | 74.20 (6.83) | 74 (37) | 66.67 (8.37) | 67 (43) | U = 3074.5 | <.0001* | rrb = 0.518 |
| 2.7–8 (Medium) | 18.58 (4.39) | 19 (26) | 22.04 (4.40) | 22 (29) | t = 5.929 | <.0001* | D = 0.789 | |
| 3. 0–6 (Low) | 7.22 (3.46) | 7 (22) | 11.28 (4.95) | 10 (26) | U = 3073.5 | <.0001* | rrb = 0.519 | |
| 8. Would You Recommend This Hospital? | 1.Yes, Definitely | 72.99 (7.67) | 74 (39) | 66.44 (9.96) | 68 (46) | U = 3908.5 | <.0001* | rrb = 0.388 |
| 2. Yes, Probably | 21.71 (5.63) | 22 (27) | 25.65 (6.48) | 26 (32) | t = 4.878 | <.0001* | D = 0.649 | |
| 3. No, Probably Not or Definitely Not | 5.30 (2.73) | 5 (18) | 7.91 (4.51) | 7 (21) | U = 4055 | <.0001* | rrb = 0.365 | |
[i] Note: * = Significant at the Bonferroni corrected p < 0.017 level; n = 113 VA and 113 non-VA hospitals included in all analyses except patient preferences† (n = 111 VA). Mean, Standard Devation (SD), Median, and Range presented as percentages.
Table 2
One-Way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis Results Comparing VA Hospital Patient Satisfaction by Region.
| HCAHPS SURVEY QUESTION | RESPONSE | NORTHEAST | MIDWEST | SOUTH | WEST | TEST STATISTIC | P-VALUE (EFFECT SIZE) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MEAN (SD) | MEDIAN (RANGE) | MEAN (SD) | MEDIAN (RANGE) | MEAN (SD) | MEDIAN (RANGE) | MEAN (SD) | MEDIAN (RANGE) | ||||
| 1. Nurses Communicated Well | 1. Always | 81.58 (4) | 82 (15) | 81.50 (4.60) | 82 (18) | 76.69 (6.19 | 79 (24) | 80.43 (3.33) | 81 (14) | χ2 = 2.98 | 0.3948 |
| 2. Usually | 14.26 (2.51) | 15 (9) | 14.96 (3.35) | 15 (14) | 14.91 (4.14) | 15 (17) | 15.52 (1.94) | 16 (9) | χ2 = 1.44 | 0.6954 | |
| 3. Sometimes or Never | 4.16 (2.03) | 4 (9) | 3.54 (1.79) | 3 (7) | 5.40 (2.59) | 5 (10) | 4.05 (1.69) | 4 (5) | χ2 = 10.54 | 0.0145* (ɛ2 = 0.094) | |
| 2. Doctors Communicated Well | 1. Always | 81.74 (3.69) | 82 (14) | 82.00 (3.82) | 81 (17) | 81.80 (4.42) | 81 (19) | 80.90 (2.53) | 81 (9) | F = 0.36 | 0.7808 |
| 2. Usually | 13.89 (2.60) | 14 (11) | 14.39 (2.74) | 15 (12) | 13.56 (3.25) | 13 (15) | 14.81 (1.72) | 15 (7) | χ2 = 4.25 | 0.2360 | |
| 3. Sometimes or Never | 4.37 (1.57) | 5 (5) | 3.61 (1.79) | 4 (7) | 4.64 (1.77) | 4 (7) | 4.29 (1.59) | 4 (5) | χ2 = 5.38 | 0.1460 | |
| 3. Help Was Received Promptly | 1. Always | 68.42 (6.06) | 70 (24) | 69.54 (8.77) | 69 (42) | 66.96 (8.26) | 66 (33) | 68.81 (6.36) | 69 (27) | F = 0.71 | 0.5469 |
| 2. Usually | 21.32 (3.48) | 22 (15) | 22.79 (6.56) | 24 (37) | 22.04 (4.58) | 22 (19) | 22.81 (3.30) | 23 (15) | χ2 = 2.52 | 0.4713 | |
| 3. Sometimes or Never | 10.26 (4.24) | 9 (15) | 7.68 (4.00) | 7 (17) | 11.00 (4.90) | 11 (20) | 8.38 (3.69) | 8 (14) | F = 4.03 | 0.0093* (η2 = 0.010) | |
| 4. Room and Bathroom Were Clean | 1. Always | 74.21 (7.32) | 74 (24) | 76.46 (6.57) | 75 (23) | 71.64 (6.75) | 72 (27) | 73.62 (4.98) | 74 (20) | χ2 = 6.48 | 0.0904 |
| 2. Usually | 17.16 (4.83) | 19 (17) | 16.36 (4.42) | 18 (16) | 18.27 (3.89) | 19 (16) | 17.81 (2.91) | 18 (12) | χ2 = 2.50 | 0.4758 | |
| 3. Sometimes or Never | 8.63 (3.04) | 9 (10) | 7.18 (2.93) | 8 (10) | 10.09 (3.62) | 9 (16) | 8.57 (2.54) | 8 (8) | χ2 = 10.42 | 0.0153* (ɛ2 = 0.093) | |
| 5. Patient Preferences Were Taken Into Consideration† | 1. Strongly Agree | 46.44 (4.83) | 46 (18) | 49.78 (6.70) | 48 (25) | 47.27 (6.03) | 48 (25) | 47.81 (4.34) | 48 (13) | F = 1.52 | 0.2127 |
| 2. Agree | 45.33 (3.22) | 45.5 (12) | 44.11 (5.62) | 45 (21) | 44.31 (4.35) | 44 (17) | 44.33 (2.85) | 44 (9) | χ2 = 1.10 | 0.7777 | |
| 3. Disagree or Strongly Disagree | 8.22 (2.71) | 8 (10) | 6.11 (2.31) | 6 (8) | 8.42 (3.25) | 8 (18) | 7.86 (2.31) | 8 (8) | F = 4.14 | 0.0081* (η2 = 0.104) | |
| 6. Transition Of Care Was Understood Upon Discharge | 1. Strongly Agree | 56.84 (4.76) | 56 (20) | 58.00 (6.12) | 58 (29) | 56.36 (5.15) | 57 (20) | 56.76 (3.42) | 57 (12) | F = 0.61 | 0.6076 |
| 2. Agree | 37.37 (3.52) | 38 (14) | 37.07 (5.20) | 38 (23) | 37.58 (3.79) | 38 (15) | 37.43 (2.34) | 38 (9) | χ2 = 0.07 | 0.9955 | |
| 3. Disagree or Strongly Disagree | 5.79 (1.87) | 6 (7) | 4.93 (1.92) | 5 (6) | 6.07 (2.23) | 6 (11) | 5.81 (1.72) | 6 (6) | χ2 = 4.93 | 0.1766 | |
| 7. Hospital Rating | 1. 9–10 (High) | 74.58 (6.04) | 75 (20) | 75.46 (7.46) | 75.5 (32) | 72.78 (7.50) | 72 (32) | 75.24 (4.64) | 74 (16) | F = 1.16 | 0.3303 |
| 2. 7–8 (Medium) | 18.42 (4.09) | 18 (13) | 18.29 (5.47) | 17.5 (26) | 19.00 (4.40) | 19 (20) | 18.19 (3.06) | 18 (11) | F = 0.23 | 0.8702 | |
| 3. 0–6 (Low) | 7.00 (2.52) | 6 (8) | 6.25 (3.11) | 6 (13) | 8.22 (4.17) | 8 (21) | 6.57 (2.48) | 6 (9) | χ2 = 4.67 | 0.1976 | |
| 8. Would You Recommend This Hospital? | 1. Yes, Definitely | 72.53 (7.65) | 74 (23) | 74.39 (8.08) | 73.5 (30) | 71.16 (8.17) | 71 (37) | 75.48 (4.97) | 75 (17) | F = 1.98 | 0.1209 |
| 2. Yes, Probably | 22.11 (5.63) | 21 (17) | 21.11 (6.24) | 22.5 (24) | 22.96 (5.77) | 23 (27) | 19.48 (3.71) | 19 (14) | χ2 = 6.26 | 0.0996 | |
| 3. No, Probably Not or Definitely Not | 5.37 (2.19) | 5 (8) | 4.50 (2.32) | 4 (9) | 5.89 (3.35) | 5 (18) | 5.05 (1.91) | 5 (7) | χ2 = 3.81 | 0.2822 | |
[i] Note: * = Significant at the Bonferroni corrected p < 0.017 level. 113 VA and 113 Non-VA Hospitals included in all analyses except Patient Preferences† (n = 111 VA). Mean, Standard Deviation (SD), Median, and Range presented as percentages.