A Qualitative Systematic Review of Enablers and Barriers to HelpSeeking for Veterans that have Completely Left the Military Within the Context of Mental Health and Alcohol

The variation in the definition of a veteran, and the preference for quantitative methods, has created mixed findings regarding the process of veteran help-seeking (HS) for mental health/alcohol issues. To understand HS enablers/barriers for those having ceased military employment, a systematic review of qualitative HS literature is warranted. Six databases were searched. Data were analysed thematically. From 1,154 titles/abstracts screened, six studies elicited four themes: military culture, problem severity, the system, and relationships/support. Enablers/barriers were individual and group specific. Alcohol was often an initial HS barrier whereas mental health symptomology and peer/community support were enablers. Themes collectively suggest HS is a progressive journey. Many studies had reporting issues so fully assessing study quality was challenging. Limited qualitative studies exist concerning those having ceased service altogether. A qualitative approach is advantageous as underlying processes can be explored. Interventions could improve the HS process/journey, at individual and group/community levels.