“Hero-Worship” or “Manipulative and Oversimplifying”: How America’s Current and Former Military Service Members Perceive Military-Related News Reporting

Hans Schmidt

doi:10.21061/jvs.v6i1.156

“Hero-Worship” or “Manipulative and Oversimplifying”: How America’s Current and Former Military Service Members Perceive Military-Related News Reporting

Journal of Veterans Studies

Volume 6 (2020): Issue 1

By: Hans Schmidt

Open Access

|Jan 2020

Abstract

Military-related journalism serves an important purpose, and has a special relevance in the modern era of nearly continuous American military involvement. Yet, conflicting goals have long made relations between journalists and the military difficult, and both institutions have faced abundant criticism regarding the role each plays in providing information to the public. This study seeks to provide additional perspective on the topic, and involves a consideration of the views held by individual military service members and veterans regarding military-related news. Data gathered from interviews suggests that, while a diversity of perspectives exist, widespread frustration with military-related reporting is very common among the military population.

References

Achter, P. (2010). Unruly bodies: The rhetorical domestication of twenty-first-century veterans of war. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 96(1), 46–68. DOI: 10.1080/00335630903512697
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Adams, A. A. (1977). A study of veteran viewpoints on TV coverage of the Vietnam War. Journalism Quarterly, 54(2), 248–253. DOI: 10.1177/107769907705400203
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Andén-Papadopoulos, K. (2008). The Abu Ghraib torture photographs: News frames, visual culture, and the power of images. Journalism, 9(1), 5–30. DOI: 10.1177/1464884907084337
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Armoudian, M. (2016). Reporting from the danger zone: Frontline journalists, their jobs, and an increasingly perilous future. New York: Routledge. DOI: 10.4324/9781315733067
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Bahador, B. (2011). Did the global war on terror end the CNN effect? Media, War & Conflict, 4(1), 37–54. DOI: 10.1177/1750635210396123
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Bampton, R., & Cowton, C. J. (2002). The e-interview. Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 3(2).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Bennett, D. (2013). Exploring the impact of an evolving war and terror blogosphere on traditional media coverage of conflict. Media, War & Conflict, 6(1), 37–53. DOI: 10.1177/1750635212469907
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Cate, C. A., Lyon, J., Schmeling, J., & Bogue, B. Y. (2017). National veteran education success tracker: A report on the academic success of student veterans using the Post-9/11 GI Bill. Washington, DC: Student Veterans of America. Retrieved from https://nvest.studentveterans.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/NVEST-Report_FINAL.pdf
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Choi, J. H., Watt, J. H., & Lynch, M. (2006). Perceptions of news credibility about the war in Iraq: Why war opponents perceived the Internet as the most credible medium. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 12(1), 209–229. DOI: 10.1111/j.1083-6101.2006.00322.x
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Chrisinger, D. (2016). See me for who I am: Student veterans’ stories of war and coming home. Albany, NY: Hudson Whitman Excelsior College Press.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Christensen, W. M. (2008). Cowboy of the world? Gender discourse and the Iraq war debate. Qualitative Sociology, 31(3), 287–306. DOI: 10.1007/s11133-008-9106-0
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Cohen, J. (2010). Conflict reporting: Emotional attachment, a sense of morality and reporting objectively. Pacific Journalism Review, 16(1), 113–124.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Cooley, C. H. (1902). Human nature and the social order. New York: Scribner’s Sons.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dahmen, N. S. (2015). Watchdog, voyeur, or censure? An eye-tracking research study of graphic photographs in the news media. Journalism Practice, 9(3), 418–432. DOI: 10.1080/17512786.2014.950883
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dawson, G. (1994). Soldier heroes: British adventure, empire and the imagining of masculinities. London: Routledge.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Department of Defense. (2017). 2017 Demographics: Profile of the military community. Department of Defense, Office of the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Military Community and Family Policy. Retrieved from http://download.militaryonesource.mil/12038/MOS/Reports/2017-demographics-report.pdf
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dimitrova, D. V. (2006). Episodic frames dominate early coverage of Iraq War in the NYTimes.com. Newspaper Research Journal, 27(4), 79–83. DOI: 10.1177/073953290602700406
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dimond, J. P., Fiesler, C., DiSalvo, B., Pelc, J., & Bruckman, A. S. (2012). Qualitative data collection technologies: A comparison of instant messaging, email, and phone. In Proceedings of the 17th ACM International Conference on Supporting Group Work (pp. 277–280). New York: ACM. Retrieved from http://jilldimond.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/group115-dimond.pdf. DOI: 10.1145/2389176.2389218
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Drew, J. (2004). Identity crisis: Gender, public discourse, and 9/11. Women and Language, 27, 71–78.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Eberhard, W. B. (1989). Soldiers reflect on coverage of wars at turn of century. Journalism Quarterly, 66(3), 706–710. DOI: 10.1177/107769908906600326
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Egan, J. (2008). Email interview. In L. M. Given (Ed.), The Sage encyclopedia of qualitative research methods (pp. 244). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ehrenreich, B. (1997). Blood rites: Origins and history of the passions of war. New York: Henry Holt and Company.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ellmers, S. (2018). A tale of two statues: Contemporary conflict reporting constraints and the Battle of Baghdad. Pacific Journalism Review, 24(1), 195–204. DOI: 10.24135/pjr.v24i1.47
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Entman, R. M. (2013). Surging beyond realism: How the US media promote war again and again. In J. Seethaler, M. Karmasin, G. Melischek, & R. Wohlert (Eds.), Selling war: The role of mass media in hostile conflicts from World War I to the “War on Terror” (pp. 201–216). Bristol, UK: Intellect. DOI: 10.1177/1329878X1415200137
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Esser, F. (2009). Metacoverage of mediated wars: How the press framed the role of the news media and of military news management in the Iraq wars of 1991 and 2003. American Behavioral Scientist, 52(5), 709–734. DOI: 10.1177/0002764208326519
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Fahmy, S., & Johnson, T. J. (2005). “How we performed”: Embedded journalists’ attitudes and perceptions towards covering the Iraq War. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 82(2), 301–317. DOI: 10.1177/107769900508200205
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Feinstein, Y. (2015). The thin line between “crazy” and “hero”: Exploring the multiple statuses of us veterans in a work-therapy program. Armed Forces & Society, 41(4), 3–22. DOI: 10.1177/0095327X13507054
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Gelpi, C. (2010). Performing on cue? The formation of public opinion toward war. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 54(1), 88–116. DOI: 10.1177/0022002709352845
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Gray, H. (2016). Researching from the spaces in between? The politics of accountability in studying the British military. Critical Military Studies, 2(1–2), 70–83. DOI: 10.1080/23337486.2016.1127554
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Greenwald, G. (2010). Limiting democracy: The American media’s world view, and ours. Social Research: An International Quarterly, 77(3), 827–838.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Gribble, R., Wessely, S., Klein, S., Alexander, D. A., Dandeker, C., & Fear, N. T. (2012). The UK armed forces: Public support for the troops but not for the missions? In A. Park, E. Clery, J. Curtice, M. Phillips, & D. Utting (Eds.), British social attitudes: The 29th report (pp. 138–154). London, UK: NatCen Social Research.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Grossman, D. (1995). On killing: The psychological cost of learning to kill in war and society. New York: Little, Brown, and Company.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Grossman, D., & Siddle, B. K. (2000). Psychological effects of combat. In L. R. Kurtz, & J. Turpin (Eds.), Encyclopedia of violence, peace and conflict (pp. 139–149). San Diego, CA: Academic Press. Retrieved from https://www.killology.com/psychological-effects-of-combat
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Haigh, M. M., Pfau, M., Danesi, J., Tallmon, R., Bunko, T., Nyberg, S., Thompson, B., Babin, C., Cardella, S., Mink, M., & Temple, B. (2006). A comparison of embedded and non-embedded print coverage of the U.S. invasion and occupation of Iraq. The Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, 11(2), 139–153. DOI: 10.1177/1081180X05286041
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Hallin, D. C. (1989). The uncensored war: The media and Vietnam. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Hoit, K. (2012, March 6). The “dangerous” veteran: An inaccurate media narrative takes hold. Vantage Point: Official Blog of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Retrieved from https://www.blogs.va.gov/VAntage/6026/the-%E2%80%9Cdangerous%E2%80%9D-veteran-an-inaccurate-media-narrative-takes-hold/
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Huebner, A. J. (2011). The warrior image: Soldiers in American culture from the Second World War to the Vietnam era. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Hunter, M. T. (2017, January 10). Vets in media. DAV. Retrieved from https://www.dav.org/learnmore/news/2017/vets-in-media/
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ingham, S. (2014). The military covenant: Its impact on civil-military relations in Britain. Farnham, UK: Ashgate.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ivie, R. L., & Giner, O. (2016). Waging peace: Transformations of the warrior myth by US military veterans. Journal of Multicultural Discourses, 11(2), 199–213. DOI: 10.1080/17447143.2016.1182174
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
James, N., & Busher, H. (2006). Credibility, authenticity and voice: Dilemmas in online interviewing. Qualitative Research, 6(3), 403–420. DOI: 10.1177/1468794106065010
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Johnson, T. J., & Fahmy, S. (2010). When “good” conflicts go bad: Testing a frame-building model on embeds’ attitudes toward government news management in the Iraq War. The International Communication Gazette, 72(6), 521–544. DOI: 10.1177/1748048510369217
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Jones, J. M. (2015). The looking glass lens: Self-concept changes due to social media practices. The Journal of Social Media in Society, 4(1), 100–125.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Jordan, J. W. (2007). Disciplining the virtual home front: Mainstream news and the web during the war in Iraq. Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies, 4(3), 276–302. DOI: 10.1080/14791420701459707
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kaplan, R. D. (2004, November). The media and the military. The Atlantic. Retrieved from https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2004/11/the-media-and-the-military/303551/
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kelly, J. (2013). Popular culture, sport and the “hero”-fication of British militarism. Sociology, 47(4), 722–738. DOI: 10.1177/0038038512453795
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kennedy, L. (2009). Soldier photography: Visualising the war in Iraq. Review of International Studies, 35(4), 817–833. DOI: 10.1017/S0260210509990209
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
King, A. (2010). The Afghan war and “postmodern” memory: Commemoration and the dead of Helmand. The British Journal of Sociology, 61(1), 1–25. DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-4446.2009.01299.x
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Klein, A. G., Byerly, C. M., & McEachern, T. M. (2009). Counterframing public dissent: An analysis of antiwar coverage in the US media. Critical Studies in Media Communication, 26(4), 331–350. DOI: 10.1080/15295030903176658
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kleykamp, M., & Hipes, C. (2015). Coverage of veterans of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan in the U.S. media. Sociological Forum, 30(2), 348–368. DOI: 10.1111/socf.12166
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Lewis, S. C., & Reese, S. D. (2009). What is the war on terror? Framing through the eyes of journalists. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 86(1), 85–102. Retrieved from http://ezaccess.libraries.psu.edu/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.ezaccess.libraries.psu.edu/docview/216944541?accountid=13158. DOI: 10.1177/107769900908600106
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
MacLean, A., & Kleykamp, M. (2014). Coming home: Attitudes toward U.S. veterans returning from Iraq. Social Problems, 61(1), 131–154. DOI: 10.1525/sp.2013.12074
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Maltby, S., & Thornham, H. (2016). The digital mundane: Social media and the military. Media, Culture & Society, 38(8), 1153–1168. DOI: 10.1177/0163443716646173
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Markham, T. (2011). The political phenomenology of war reporting. Journalism, 12(5), 567–585. DOI: 10.1177/1464884911410016
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
McCartney, H. (2010). The military covenant and the civil–military contract in Britain. International Affairs, 86(2), 411–428. DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2346.2010.00889.x
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
McClancy, K. (2013). The iconography of violence: Television, Vietnam, and the soldier hero. Film & History: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 43(2), 50–66.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
McGoldrick, A. (2006). War journalism and “objectivity.” Conflict and Communication Online, 5(2), 1–7.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
McSorley, K. (2012). Helmetcams, militarized sensation and “somatic war.” Journal of War & Culture Studies, 5(1), 47–58. DOI: 10.1386/jwcs.5.1.47_1
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
McWilliam, K., & Bickle, S. (2017). Digital storytelling and the “problem” of sentimentality. Media International Australia, 165(1), 77–89. DOI: 10.1177/1329878X17726626
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Merry, S. (2015, May 18). There’s a divide between civilians and soldiers, partly because of Hollywood. The Washington Post. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/theres-a-divide-between-civilians-and-soldiers-hollywood-is-partly-to-blame/2015/05/17/ea1332f0-f819-11e4-a13c-193b1241d51a_story.html?utm_term=.5f613af03a96
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Millar, K. M. (2016). “They need our help”: Non-governmental organizations and the subjectifying dynamics of the military as social cause. Media, War & Conflict, 9(1), 9–26. DOI: 10.1177/1750635215606867
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ministry of Defense. (2013). MOD and armed forces reputation survey spring 2013: Topline findings. Retrieved from www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/230255/MOD_external_opinion_survey_Spring_2013_top_lines.pdf
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Moorcraft, P. L., & Taylor, P. M. (2008). Shooting the messenger: The political impact of war reporting. Washington, DC: Potomac Books.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Murphy, J. B., Ward, S. J., & Donovan, A. (2006). Ethical ideals in journalism: Civic uplift or telling the truth? Journal of Mass Media Ethics, 21(4), 322–337. DOI: 10.1207/s15327728jmme2104_7
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
National Veterans Foundation. (2016). Stop the negative veteran stereotypes. Retrieved from https://nvf.org/veteranstereotypes/
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Paris, M. (2000). Warrior nation: Images of war in British popular culture, 1850–2000. London: Reaktion Books.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Parker, K., Cilluffo, A., & Stepler, R. (2017, April 13). 6 facts about the U.S. military and its changing demographics. Pew Research Center. Retrieved from http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/04/13/6-facts-about-the-u-s-military-and-its-changing-demographics/
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Parrott, S., Albright, D. L., Dyche, C., & Steele, H. G. (2018). Hero, charity case, and victim: How US news media frame military veterans on Twitter. Armed Forces & Society. Online First. DOI: 10.1177/0095327X18784238
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Parry, K., & Thumim, N. (2017). “When he’s in Afghanistan it’s like our world/his world”: Mediating military experience. Media, Culture & Society, 39(1), 29–44. DOI: 10.1177/0163443716672298
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Patterson, O. (1982). An analysis of coverage of the Vietnam veteran. Journalism Quarterly, 59(2), 308–310. DOI: 10.1177/107769908205900220
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Pew Research Center. (2011). War and sacrifice in the post-9/11 era. Retrieved from http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2011/10/05/war-and-sacrifice-in-the-post-911-era/-executivesummary
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Pfau, M., Haigh, M. M., Logsdon, L., Perrine, C., Baldwin, J. P., & Breitenfeldt, R. E. (2005). Embedded reporting during the invasion and occupation of Iraq: How the embedding of journalists affected news reports. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 49, 468–487. DOI: 10.1207/s15506878jobem4904_7
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Pitchford-Hyde, J. (2017). Bare strength: Representing veterans of the desert wars in U.S. media. Media, Culture & Society, 39(1), 45–61. DOI: 10.1177/0163443716672299
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Postsecondary National Policy Institute. (2018, November 9). Veterans in higher education. Retrieved from https://pnpi.org/veterans-in-higher-education/
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ratislavova, K., & Ratislav, J. (2014). Asynchronous email interview as a qualitative research method in the humanities. Human Affairs, 24(4), 452–460. DOI: 10.2478/s13374-014-0240-y
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Rech, M. F. (2014). Be part of the story: A popular geopolitics of war comics aesthetics and Royal Air Force recruitment. Political Geography, 39, 36–47. DOI: 10.1016/j.polgeo.2013.07.002
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Reynolds, G. M., & Shendruk, A. (2018, April 24). Demographics of the U.S. military. Council on Foreign Relations. Retrieved from https://www.cfr.org/article/demographics-us-military
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Schmidt, H. C. (2019). War reporting in the modern era: Analyzing the perspectives of current and former military service members regarding war reporting. Paper presented at the National Communication Association Conference, Baltimore, MD.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Schuman, D., Praetorius, R. T., Barnes, D. M., & Arana, A. A. (2016). Military suicide coverage: AP news wire & suicide guidelines. Death studies, 40(9), 570–577. DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2016.1191559
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Shapiro, S., & Humphreys, L. (2013). Exploring old and new media: comparing military blogs to Civil War letters. New Media & Society, 15(7), 1151–1167. DOI: 10.1177/1461444812466718
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Silvestri, L. (2013). Surprise homecomings and vicarious sacrifices. Media, War & Conflict, 6(2), 101–115. DOI: 10.1177/1750635213476407
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Silvestri, L. E. (2015). Friended at the front: Social media in the American war zone. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Sisask, M., & Värnik, A. (2012). Media roles in suicide prevention: A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 9(1), 123–138. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph9010123
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Struk, J. (2011). Private pictures: Soldiers’ inside view of war. London: I. B. Tauris. DOI: 10.5040/9780755603893
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Taylor, P. M. (2003). Journalism under fire: The reporting of war and international crises. In S. Cottle (Ed.), News, public relations and power (pp. 63–80). London: Sage. DOI: 10.4135/9781446221594.n4
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Thussu, D. K., & Freedman, D. (Eds.) (2003). War and the media: Reporting conflict 24/7. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Tumber, H., & Palmer, J. (2004). Media at war: The Iraq crisis. London: Sage.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Tumber, H., & Webster, F. (2006). Journalists under fire: Information war and journalistic practices. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
US Department of Defense. (2002). A new social compact: A reciprocal partnership between the Department of Defense, service members, and families. Washington, DC: US Department of Defense.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
US Department of Defense. (2017). 2017 Demographics: Profile of the military community. Department of Defense, Office of the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Military Community and Family Policy. Retrieved from http://download.militaryonesource.mil/12038/MOS/Reports/2017-demographics-report.pdf
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ward, D. (2008, June 23). Veterans’ issues prompt positive coverage. PRWeek, 11(25), 11. Retrieved from http://ezaccess.libraries.psu.edu/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.ezaccess.libraries.psu.edu/docview/232025182?accountid=13158
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Webber, N., & Long, P. (2014). The last posts: British press representations of veterans of the Great War. Media, War & Conflict, 7(3), 273–290. DOI: 10.1177/1750635214557988
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Wilbur, D. (2016). Defining the Iraq-Afghanistan veteran in American newspapers. Sociology, 6(4), 267–276. DOI: 10.17265/2159-5526/2016.04.006
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Winburn, J. (2003). Shop talk & war stories: American journalists examine their profession. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Wintour, P. (2014, January 23). Multicultural Britain rejecting foreign conflict, MoD admits. The Guardian. Retrieved from http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2014/jan/22/multicultural-brit-ain-foreign-conflict-mod
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Woodward, R., Jenkings, K. N., & Winter, T. (2011). Negotiating military identities: British soldiers, memory and the use of personal photographs. In K. Hall, & K. N. Jones (Eds.), Constructions of conflict: Transmitting memories of the past in European historiography, culture, and media (pp. 53–71). Oxford, UK: Peter Lang.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Woodward, R., Winter, T., & Jenkings, K. N. (2009). Heroic anxieties: The figure of the British soldier in contemporary print media. Journal of War & Culture Studies, 2(2), 211–224. DOI: 10.1386/jwcs.2.2.211_1
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Wyatt, R. O., Andsager, J. L., & Bodle, J. V. (1994). Support for media rights: Cracks in the media monolith myth. Mass Communication Review, 21(3/4), 156–172.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Wyatt, R. O., Smith, S. S., & Andsager, J. L. (1996). Spanning the boundaries: Support for media rights among public relations practitioners’ journalists, and the public. Journal of Public Relations Research, 8(2), 123–135. DOI: 10.1207/s1532754xjprr0802_03
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Young, I. M. (2003). Feminist reactions to the contemporary security regime. Hypatia, 18(1), 223–231. DOI: 10.1111/j.1527-2001.2003.tb00792.x
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article