Table 1
Sample Demographics.
| Demographics | Unweighted (n = 9,466) | Weighted Estimate (SE) (n = 48,629) | Design Effect |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male gender | 81.7% | 84.0% (0.4%) | 1.02 |
| White non-Hispanic | 65.1% | 63.2% (0.5%) | 1.17 |
| Black non-Hispanic | 10.8% | 10.6% (0.3%) | 1.12 |
| Hispanic | 13.8% | 15.5% (0.4%) | 1.23 |
| Asian, Hawaiian, Pacific Islander non-Hispanic | 4.4% | 4.6% (0.2%) | 1.21 |
| Other race non-Hispanic | 5.9% | 6.1% (0.3%) | 1.17 |
| Paygrade | |||
| Junior enlisted E1–E4 | 28.1% | 41.4% (.6%) | 1.26 |
| Mid-grade enlisted E5–E6 | 30.0% | 29.5% (.5%) | 1.09 |
| Senior enlisted E7–E9 | 17.9% | 13.4% (.3%) | 0.90 |
| Warrant officers W1–W5 | 1.6% | 1.1% (.09%) | 0.83 |
| Junior officers O1–O3 | 8.4% | 6.4% (.2%) | 0.84 |
| Senior officers O4–O10 | 14.0% | 8.2% (.2%) | 0.73 |
| Service branch | |||
| Army | 33.0% | 32.1% (.5%) | 1.12 |
| Navy | 19.2% | 18.7% (.4%) | 1.18 |
| Air Force | 19.0% | 13.6% (.3%) | 0.86 |
| Marine Corps | 15.9% | 17.3% (.4%) | 1.21 |
| National Guard/Reserve | 12.9% | 18.4% (.5%) | 1.38 |
| Currently serving active component | 14.9% | 14.2% (.1%) | 1.10 |
| Currently serving National Guard/Reserve | 12.3% | 17.5% (.5%) | 1.39 |
| Service support military occupation | 38.2% | 37.0% (.5%) | 1.15 |
| Combat arms military occupation | 22.7% | 22.9% (.5%) | 1.16 |
| Combat support military occupation | 39.1% | 40.1% (.5%) | 1.16 |
| Warfare exposure | 53.5% | 47.8% (.5%) | 1.15 |
| Medical discharge | 5.9% | 6.2% (0.2%) | 1.15 |
| Ongoing physical health conditions, illness, or disability | 57.1% | 52.7% (.6%) | 1.17 |
| Ongoing mental/emotional health condition, illness or disability | 33.7% | 32.5% (0.5%) | 1.13 |
| Working full-time at initial survey | 51.0% | 49.8% (0.6%) | 1.16 |
| Employment program used | |||
| Online job database | 47.7% | 44.1% (0.5%) | 1.14 |
| Career fair | 11.7% | 10.0% (0.3%) | 1.01 |
| Resume writing assistance | 21.6% | 19.2% (0.4%) | 1.06 |
| Job placement | 12.1% | 11.1% (0.3%) | 1.06 |
| Career counseling | 5.7% | 4.9% (0.2%) | 1.02 |
| Training or certification | 3.7% | 3.2% (0.2%) | 1.02 |
| Networking | 84.2% | 83.9% (0.4%) | 1.17 |
Table 2
Demographic Predictors of Veterans’ Employment Program Use (Weighted Results).
| Online job database Odds Ratio (SE) | Career fair Odds Ratio [CI] | Resume writing Odds Ratio [CI] | Job placement Odds Ratio [CI] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Constant | 0.58 [0.49, 0.69]*** | 0.05 [0.03, 0.06]*** | 0.18 [0.15, 0.23]*** | 0.07 [0.05, 0.09]*** |
| Army (reference) | ||||
| Navy | 1.24 [1.09, 1.42]*** | 1.14 [0.94, 1.38] | 1.10 [0.95, 1.28] | 0.90 [0.74, 1.09] |
| Air Force | 1.18 [1.03, 1.35]* | 0.73 [0.59, 0.89]*** | 0.92 [0.78, 1.08] | 0.82 [0.67, 1.00] |
| Marine Corps | 1.01 [0.88, 1.16] | 0.79 [0.63, 0.98]* | 0.92 [0.78, 1.08] | 0.81 [0.66, 1.00] |
| National Guard/Reserve | 0.48 [0.26, 0.89]* | 0.74 [0.29, 1.87] | 0.70 [0.34, 1.46] | 0.42 [0.14, 1.31] |
| Male | 0.69 [0.61, 0.78]*** | 1.05 [0.86, 1.28] | 0.80 [0.69, 0.93]*** | 0.86 [0.72, 1.04] |
| Junior enlisted E1–E4 (reference) | ||||
| Mid-grade enlisted E5–E6 | 1.47 [1.31, 1.66]*** | 1.68 [1.36, 2.08]*** | 1.49 [1.28, 1.73]*** | 1.27 [1.05, 1.53]* |
| Senior enlisted E7–E9 | 1.83 [1.58, 2.13]*** | 2.31 [1.82, 2.94]*** | 1.85 [1.55, 2.20]*** | 1.52 [1.22, 1.89]*** |
| Warrant officers W1–W5 | 2.08 [1.41, 3.07]*** | 2.79 [1.79, 4.34]*** | 1.89 [1.26, 2.84]*** | 1.02 [0.61, 1.71] |
| Junior officers O1–O3 | 1.47 [1.23, 1.75]*** | 2.62 [1.99, 3.46]*** | 1.47 [1.18, 1.83]*** | 1.44 [1.10, 1.89]* |
| Senior officers O4–O10 | 1.43 [1.22, 1.68]*** | 2.54 [1.96, 3.29]*** | 1.49 [1.22, 1.82]*** | 1.06 [0.81, 1.38] |
| Currently NGR after active duty | 1.07 [0.93, 1.22] | 0.97 [0.79, 1.21] | 0.93 [0.79, 1.10] | 1.21 [0.99, 1.48] |
| Currently serving NGR | 1.42 [0.77, 2.63] | 0.67 [0.26, 1.73] | 0.41 [0.19, 0.87]* | 1.54 [0.49, 4.84] |
| Service support occupation (reference) | ||||
| Combat arms occupation | 0.77 [0.68, 0.88]*** | 0.95 [0.78, 1.16] | 0.83 [0.71, 0.97]* | 1.03 [0.85, 1.25] |
| Combat support occupation | 0.95 [0.86, 1.06] | 1.24 [1.05, 1.46]* | 1.09 [0.96, 1.24] | 1.02 [0.87, 1.19] |
| Exposure to warfare | 1.36 [1.22, 1.51]*** | 1.59 [1.34, 1.89]*** | 1.37 [1.21, 1.56]*** | 1.68 [1.43, 1.99]*** |
| White non-Hispanic (reference) | ||||
| Black non-Hispanic | 1.36 [1.17, 1.58]*** | 1.68 [1.36, 2.06]*** | 1.30 [1.09, 1.54]*** | 2.14 [1.75, 2.60]*** |
| Hispanic | 1.25 [1.09, 1.43]*** | 0.86 [0.69, 1.08] | 1.15 [0.98, 1.35] | 1.27 [1.04, 1.55]* |
| Asian, HPI non-Hispanic | 1.11 [0.89, 1.39] | 1.45 [1.03, 2.03]* | 1.16 [0.89, 1.53] | 1.74 [1.27, 2.37]*** |
| Other race non-Hispanic | 1.14 [0.94, 1.39] | 1.04 [0.77, 1.40] | 1.06 [0.84, 1.33] | 1.43 [1.08, 1.90]* |
| Medical discharge | 0.92 [0.76, 1.12] | 0.89 [0.66, 1.21] | 1.07 [0.86, 1.33] | 0.90 [0.68, 1.20] |
| Ongoing physical health condition | 1.46 [1.32, 1.62]*** | 1.35 [1.14, 1.60]*** | 1.53 [1.34, 1.75]*** | 1.49 [1.27, 1.76]*** |
| Ongoing mental/emotional health condition | 0.99 [0.88, 1.10] | 1.12 [0.95, 1.32] | 0.97 [0.86, 1.11] | 1.01 [0.86, 1.18] |
| Working full-time at initial survey | 1.02 [0.92, 1.12] | 0.84 [0.72, 0.98]* | 0.76 [0.67, 0.85]*** | 0.85 [0.73, 0.99]* |
[i] * p < .05; ** p < .01; *** p < .001; n = 9,466; population size = 48,427; NGR = National Guard/Reserve; HPI = Hawaiian Pacific Islander.
Table 3
Demographic Predictors of Veterans’ Employment Program Use (Weighted Results).
| Career counseling Odds Ratio [CI] | Training & certification Odds Ratio [CI] | Networking Odds Ratio [CI] | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Constant | 0.02 [0.02, 0.04]*** | 0.02 [0.01, 0.03]*** | 4.17 [3.32, 5.24]*** |
| Army (reference) | |||
| Navy | 1.37 [1.06, 1.78]* | 0.90 [0.65, 1.24] | 1.42 [1.18, 1.73]*** |
| Air Force | 1.08 [0.82, 1.42] | 0.63 [0.44, 0.90]* | 1.20 [1.00, 1.44] |
| Marine Corps | 0.85 [0.62, 1.15] | 1.11 [0.78, 1.56] | 1.41 [1.16, 1.72]*** |
| National Guard/Reserve | 0.63 [0.15, 2.58] | 0.82 [0.20, 3.41] | 0.63 [0.34, 1.17] |
| Male | 0.99 [0.76, 1.30] | 0.95 [0.69, 1.31] | 1.03 [0.87, 1.20] |
| Junior enlisted E1–E4 (reference) | |||
| Mid-grade enlisted E5–E6 | 1.25 [0.94, 1.67] | 1.37 [0.98, 1.92] | 0.90 [0.77, 1.05] |
| Senior enlisted E7–E9 | 1.55 [1.11, 2.17]* | 1.69 [1.14, 2.50]* | 0.65 [0.54, 0.79]*** |
| Warrant officers W1–W5 | 1.34 [0.66, 2.72] | 2.21 [1.09, 4.45]* | 0.83 [0.49, 1.41] |
| Junior officers O1–O3 | 2.50 [1.75, 3.55]*** | 2.12 [1.35, 3.33]*** | 0.99 [0.77, 1.27] |
| Senior officers O4–O10 | 1.94 [1.36, 2.76]*** | 2.32 [1.56, 3.46]*** | 0.69 [0.56, 0.85]*** |
| Currently NGR after active duty | 1.02 [0.76, 1.35] | 0.86 [0.58, 1.27] | 1.12 [0.92, 1.36] |
| Currently serving NGR | 0.57 [0.13, 2.45] | 0.44 [0.10, 1.93] | 0.99 [0.53, 1.84] |
| Service support occupation (reference) | |||
| Combat arms occupation | 1.18 [0.90, 1.54] | 0.95 [0.69, 1.31] | 1.28 [1.08, 1.53]*** |
| Combat support occupation | 1.24 [0.99, 1.55] | 1.03 [0.79, 1.35] | 1.14 [0.99, 1.31] |
| Exposure to warfare | 1.62 [1.28, 2.05]*** | 1.29 [0.97, 1.71] | 1.21 [1.05, 1.39]* |
| White non-Hispanic (reference) | |||
| Black non-Hispanic | 1.59 [1.19, 2.13]*** | 1.53 [1.08, 2.17]* | 1.37 [1.11, 1.70]*** |
| Hispanic | 1.10 [0.82, 1.48] | 1.13 [0.79, 1.63] | 1.00 [0.84, 1.19] |
| Asian, HPI non-Hispanic | 1.74 [1.16, 2.62]* | 1.70 [1.05, 2.75]* | 1.08 [0.80, 1.47] |
| Other race non-Hispanic | 1.14 [0.75, 1.71] | 1.35 [0.83, 2.18] | 1.00 [0.77, 1.29] |
| Medical discharge | 0.69 [0.43, 1.09] | 1.17 [0.73, 1.88] | 0.62 [0.49, 0.79]*** |
| Ongoing physical health condition | 1.46 [1.16, 1.84]*** | 1.49 [1.12, 1.97]* | 1.09 [0.95, 1.26] |
| Ongoing mental/emotional health condition | 0.83 [0.66, 1.03] | 0.90 [0.68, 1.18] | 0.94 [0.81, 1.08] |
| Working full-time at initial survey | 0.82 [0.67, 1.01] | 0.96 [0.74, 1.25] | 1.13 [0.99, 1.28] |
[i] * p < .05; ** p < .01; *** p < .001; n = 9,466; population size = 48,427; NGR = National Guard/Reserve; HPI = Hawaiian Pacific Islander.