The Bourbons in Sicily and the British Protectorate. An Account of Events During an Awkward Coexistence

Britain’s policy toward Sicily evolved through various phases under successive London governments, alternating between advocating for the annexation of the island and desiring to make the island a protectorate. In addition to the political and military interests at play, there was a concurrent desire to export a constitutional model that sharply contrasted with the one established during the French Revolution. In this context, Sicily emerged as a potential catalyst, a model from which other Italian states could draw inspiration. The article examines the historical period defined by the Bourbon dynasty’s rule in Sicily, addressing the unique conditions that distinguished the island, as well as the political and financial challenges faced during the reign of Ferdinand IV and Maria Carolina of Bourbon. Both royal figures, deeply entrenched in dynastic beliefs, were often compelled to relinquish significant control over governance. Amidst this delicate situation, Lord William Bentinck was tasked with navigating the complex intrigues of the Bourbon court, particularly with the king, queen, and crown prince. The queen, in particular, is portrayed as embodying the dynastic pride and dignity that remained central to her actions, despite the prevailing historical narratives that have long regarded her as a controversial and ostentatious figure. Through strategic interventions and decisive measures, Bentinck was able to successfully implement the project of a Sicilian Constitution.