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Attitudes towards income inequality and trust: An analysis by income class in Poland Cover

Attitudes towards income inequality and trust: An analysis by income class in Poland

Open Access
|Feb 2026

Abstract

Increasing income inequality has raised concerns about social cohesion, yet the subjective dimension of inequality and its relationship to trust remain underexplored. This article examines links between attitudes toward income inequality and generalised and institutional trust in Poland, a post-socialist state characterised by strong anti-inequality sentiment and low trust. Using data from the 5th wave of the European Values Study (N = 1,352), we employ an economic stratification framework with five income classes, complemented by non-parametric tests and logistic regression. The results show that acceptance of inequality increases with income, with the sharpest contrasts between low- and high-income classes, while middle strata remain relatively homogeneous. Generalised trust rises with income, whereas institutional trust follows more complex, non-linear patterns. Crucially, the links between trust and inequality attitudes are class-specific: generalised trust in strangers legitimises inequality overall, while generalised trust in relatives has divergent effects across lower- and upper-middle-income groups.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18559/ebr.2025.4.2563 | Journal eISSN: 2450-0097 | Journal ISSN: 2392-1641
Language: English
Page range: 33 - 58
Submitted on: Aug 26, 2025
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Accepted on: Dec 15, 2025
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Published on: Feb 5, 2026
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2026 Małgorzata Szczepaniak, Katarzyna Bentkowska, published by Poznań University of Economics and Business Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.