Balancing Territoriality and Functionality; Specialization as a Tool for Reforming Jurisdiction in the Netherlands, France and Germany

The question of jurisdiction is at the heart of recent discussions regarding the modernization of European judicial organizations. In some cases, special courts have been created for dealing with specific categories of cases, or particular categories of cases have been concentrated within a single court for the entire legal system. In some instances, reforms focus on reducing the number of courts or on creating a limited number of courts of general competence.