Figure 1:
Three possible cases for collective land use.
(A) Inefficient cooperation. (B) Multi-person prisoner’s dilemma. (C) Multi-person assurance problem.
Figure 2:
Land consolidation in the Shingai community.
Note: Each color represents different cultivators.
Source: Shingai Association for Improving Farmland Utilization.
Table 1:
Descriptive statistics for the explained and explanatory variables.
| Mean | Standard deviation | Min | Max | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Explained variable) | ||||
| Coordination with individual management (binary) | 0.169 | 0.375 | 0 | 1 |
| Coordination with community farming (binary) | 0.236 | 0.425 | 0 | 1 |
| Farmers and Farmland Plan (binary) | 0.419 | 0.494 | 0 | 1 |
| Share of large-scale cultivators (over 5 ha) | 0.315 | 0.314 | 0 | 1 |
| Share of abandoned farmland | 0.064 | 0.150 | 0 | 1 |
| Outlook for community’s farmland use | 0.627 | 0.337 | 0 | 1 |
| (Explanatory variable) | ||||
| % of farming population | 0.437 | 0.253 | 0.02 | 1 |
| % of working-age population | 0.250 | 0.135 | 0 | 0.75 |
| Farmland improvement projects (binary) | 0.873 | 0.334 | 0 | 1 |
| Level of collective activities | 0.809 | 0.115 | 0.2 | 1 |
The descriptive statistics for geographical variables are not presented here.
Table 2:
Estimation results of the types of community coordination on farmland use.
| Coefficient | t | Coefficient | t | Coefficient | t | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Geographic variables (not shown) | ||||||
| % of farming population | −0.114 | −1.26 | 0.090 | 0.84 | 0.098 | 0.77 |
| % of working-age population | 0.055 | 0.37 | −0.126 | −0.65 | 0.268 | 1.13 |
| Farmland improvement projects | 0.038 | 0.47 | 0.154 | 2.35*** | 0.214 | 2.15** |
| Level of collective activities | 0.515 | 1.93* | 0.106 | 0.38 | 0.544 | 2.07** |
| R2 | 0.125 | 0.117 | 0.129 | |||
| F-statistics for overall significance | 2.40*** | 3.10*** | 3.52*** | |||
***, **, and * indicate significance at the 1%, 5%, and 10% levels, respectively.
Table 3:
Estimation results of the state of farmland use.
| Coefficient | t | Coefficient | t | Coefficient | t | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Geographic variables (not shown) | ||||||
| % of farming population | −0.093 | −1.18 | 0.019 | 0.69 | 0.024 | 0.30 |
| % of working-age population | 0.155 | 0.97 | −0.097 | −2.23** | 0.484 | 3.03*** |
| Farmland improvement projects | 0.186 | 2.90*** | −0.055 | −1.95* | 0.087 | 1.17 |
| Level of collective activities | 0.451 | 2.68*** | −0.092 | −1.66* | 0.495 | 2.60*** |
| R2 | 0.131 | 0.339 | 0.174 | |||
| F-statistics for overall significance | 3.56 *** | 6.00 *** | 5.32 *** | |||
***, **, and * indicate significance at the 1%, 5%, and 10% levels, respectively.