Figure 1
(A) Location of the North of the Argentinean Chaco (NAC) Study Area. (B) Department view of the Study Area. Cartographic sources: TNC, INDEC.
Table 1
Methodology used.
| Variable | Data | Techniques | Analysis and rates calculated |
|---|---|---|---|
| Firewood consumption | National population census 1991, 2001, and 2010. Field observations and interviews with firewood users in the NAC. | Descriptive statistics. | Relative and absolute number of households and people who use firewood and charcoal as energy source for cooking. |
| Firewood supply | 8 Landsat™ images (30 m). Three time cuts: 1991/1992, 2001/2002, 2007/2011. | ArcGIS 10.2 Descriptive statistics. | Rate of forest per-household: [forest(ha)]/[total households] * 1000 Forest availability: forest(ha) |
| Poverty | Dirección Nacional de Estadísticas e Información de Salud (National Ministry of Health). National population census (2001, 2010). | Descriptive statistics. | Childhood Mortality Rate due to Malnutrition (CMRM):i [Number of malnutrition deaths in 5 years]/[Childhood population (under 5 years)] * 1000 |
| Land use trends | Maps on forest zoning.ii | ArcGIS 10.2 | Creation/aggregation of a unified forest zoning map of the region. |
iWe used the CMRM-index because of its advantages compared to indices traditionally used to study poverty in Argentina (e.g. Unsatisfied Basic Needs Index) (cf. Longhi 2014).
iiWe thank the Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) and Fundación ProYungas for providing zoning maps in shape-file-format.
Figure 2
Change in firewood consumption (percentage of households using firewood) and forest area (1991 – 2010). Forest area is expressed as hectares of forest per household, and represented as relative values (base: 1991 as 100%). Data sources: Landsat™ (1991/1992, 2001/2002, 2007/2011); INDEC (1991, 2001, 2010).
Figure 3
NAC classification: Consumption of firewood for cooking and supply (available forestland). Data sources: INDEC (1991, 2001, 2010); Landsat™ (1991–1992, 2001–2002, 2007–2011).
Figure 4
Pathways of NAC-Regions’ firewood supply, consumption, and forest zoning.