Institutions and government efficiency: decentralized Irrigation management in China

Figures & Tables

Efficiency of government spending.

Province	County	VRS	Type
Guangdong	Wuhua⁺	376	1421	430	267	2148	0.289	Inefficient
	Conghua⁺⁺	201	1528	510	30	2249	0.298	Inefficient
	Luoding⁺⁺	938	992	129	325	1862	0.497	Less efficient
	Kaiping⁺⁺	154	1494	207	857	2035	0.500	Less efficient
	Chaoan⁺⁺⁺	1072	3015	375	750	2025	0.697	Mostly efficient
Guangxi	Mengshan⁺⁺	34	503	134	140	1604	0.118	Inefficient
	Tengxian⁺⁺	203	232	126	371	1627	0.247	Inefficient
	Luzhai⁺⁺	938	469	315	698	1689	0.666	Mostly efficient
	Shangsi⁺	838	308	110	801	1690	0.672	Mostly efficient
	Pingle⁺	543	677	5000	197	1550	1.000	Efficient
Jiangxi	Anfu⁺⁺	657	2245	4572	360	2716	0.666	Mostly efficient
	Yongfeng⁺⁺	1387	3363	886	795	3313	0.810	Mostly efficient
	Gaoan⁺	1829	3229	4240	650	3665	0.948	Mostly efficient
	Nancheng⁺	884	2023	1,0940	2121	2526	1.000	Efficient
	Duchang⁺⁺	2394	2870	4150	773	2385	1.000	Efficient
Hunan	Yongzhou⁺	214	858	333	321	1626	0.230	Inefficient
	Ningyuan⁺⁺⁺	476	998	555	440	3320	0.317	Inefficient
	Liling⁺⁺	1635	5280	1276	772	1602	1.000	Efficient
	Jiahe⁺⁺	241	3022	480	1675	1215	1.000	Efficient
	Mayang⁺⁺⁺	496	2868	4400	90	1601	1.000	Efficient

[i] ⁺: 2009, ⁺⁺: 2010, ⁺⁺⁺: 2011.

Measurement and coding of conditions and outcome.^a

Measurement		Coding
Conditions	Water pricing reform (P): Whether the project area of the county has reformed water pricing, normally increasing water rates to cover irrigation O&M costs.	Present: P,1 Absent: p,0
	Government funding (F): Whether the project area of the county has obtained external support of government funding for irrigation extension and maintenance.	Present: F,1 Absent: f,0
	Coordination by administration (C): Whether the local governments or village organizations of the project area in the county directly provide support WUAs’ affairs e.g. making decisions, crafting and enforcing rules.	Present: C,1 Absent: c,0
	Formal monitors (M): Whether the project area of the county has formal monitors responsible for monitoring infrastructure maintenance and water distribution.	Present: M,1 Absent: m,0
	Self-organized management (S): Whether the project area of the county has authentic farmer water user organizations, e.g. WUAs, who, on their own, craft rules of operating and maintaining irrigation systems.	Present: S,1 Absent: s,0
Outcome	The efficiency distribution of (efficient, mostly efficient, less efficient, and inefficient) is calibrated by the four-value fuzzy set of (1, 0.67, 0.33, 0).

[i] ^aAccording to the procedure suggested by Basurto and Speer (2012).

Truth table of causes and outcome.