Governing large-scale social-ecological systems: Lessons from five cases

Figures & Tables

Summary of the case studies.

Summary of findings about design Principles from five case studies.

Summary of findings of other variables that may contribute to governance success at large scales.

		Indonesian Forests	Rhine River	Great Barrier Reef	Montreal Protocol	ICCAT
Governance principles	Resource dependence	Present. Fostered unsustainable resource use	Present. Fostered resource stewardship	Present. Fostered unsustainable resource use	Present. Fostered unsustainable resource use	Present. Fostered unsustainable resource use
	Small group size and homogeneity	Present	Present	Present	Present	Heterogeneous interests and identities
	External disturbance	Present but no clear effect on governance outcomes	Present	Present	Absent	Absent
	Governable resource characteristics	Present	Absent as long residence times of organic pollutants	Present	Absent as long residence times of Ozone Depleting Substances	Mixed contributing to differential governance outcomes
	Legitimate political context and participation by civil society	Absent in first period, increasing but still low in second period	Present	Present. Substituted by broad political legitimacy	Present	Inconclusive
	Scientific knowledge	Absent	Present but effect on outcome is weak	Present	Present	Contested
	Governance effect	Continued decline	Partial improvement	Partial improvement	Improvement	Continued decline