Table 1
Cumulative Effects of Regulations in New Jersey Fisheries.
| Reduced flexibility, uncertainty, and barriers to entry | Increased burdens and costs | Other/Personal | Adaptive maneuvers and resistance |
|---|---|---|---|
| •Quitting a fishery (C,R) •Inability to compete in new fisheries (C) •Harder to make a living (C) •Increased difficulty in entering fishery (C) •Reduced flexibility/versatility (C,R) •Increasing processor control of fishery (C) •Reduced emphasis on a particular fishery (C,R) •Changing fleet dynamics (communication and competition) (C) •Reduced certainty about future regulations (C,R) | •Burden of carrying extra gear (C) •Paperwork burden (C,R) •Wasting fish (C,R) •Harder to make a living (C,R) •Difficulty in obeying all regulations (being penalized by mistake) (C,R) •Increased time spent obeying regulations (C,R) •Quitting fishing (C) •Increased difficulty of work (C) •Increased license costs (C) •Destruction/loss of pre-existing markets (C,R) •Effects on ‘retirement fund’ (C,R) •Changes in seasonal rounds/work day (C) •Changing fishing locations (C,R) | •Feeling of persecution (C,R) •Decreased safety at sea (C) •Social differentiation (due to inequities in regulatory impact) (C) •Changing time away from home (C) •Declining encouragement for children (of respondents) to enter fishery (C,R) •Conflict between inspected and uninspected vessels (R) | •Fishers getting more organized (C,R) •Shifting to other fisheries (C,R) •Fishing other species just to qualify (license speculation) (C,R) •Innovation of new gear types/techniques (C) •Changing fishing locations (C,R) •Changes in seasonal rounds/work day (C) •Changing fleet dynamics (communication and competition) (C) •Seek new clientele (R) •Smaller boats (R) |
[i] C = reported by commercial fishers.
R = reported by recreational fishers (party boat and charters).
Table 2
Complaints about management regulations.
| •Problems with “History” or the recorded catches of a boat used to determine management category •Attachment of license to boat (not individual) •Incentives of governments not followed through •Not enough regulations •Regulations taking on a life of their own (bureaucracies making rules just to make rules) •Lack of voice for commercial fishers •Inter-management council disparities •Lack of scientific reliability/lack of scientific information •Regulators/Managers being subject to pressure from environmental groups •Corruption/subject to political pressure •‘Right idea/wrong in operation’ •Observers •‘Un-American’ (impinging on freedom, opportunity, etc.) •Timing for announcing regulations can be erratic or disadvantageous | •Open-access (some fisheries seen as still open-access) •Sense of disparity/inequity of regulatory impacts •Data gathered by fishers not utilized •Managers don't ‘really know what is going on’ •Difficult to attend meetings •‘Draconian’ regulations (severity of regulation does not match need) •Not enough political support/sympathy for commercial fishers •Inadequate understanding by managers of socio-economic impacts •‘Agenda’ of managers to reduce size of the fishery •‘All take and no give’ – regulations seen as being a one-way street towards restrictions •‘Building up’ (improving stocks) not rewarded •Lack of voice for recreational fishers •Recreational anglers punished for commercial overfishing |