Old orogen – young topography: Linking rift evolution, thermal overprinting, and apatite (U-Th)/He thermochronology in the Black Forest and Vosges Mountains
References
- Abbey A.L., Wildman M., Stevens Goddard A.L., Murray K.E., 2023. Thermal history modeling techniques and interpretation strategies: Applications using QTQt. Geosphere 19, 493–530. https://doi.org/10.1130/GES02528.1
- Asch K., 2003. The 1:5 Million International Geological Map of Europe and Adjacent Areas: Development and Implementation of a GIS- enabled Concept, 1. Edition. ed, Geologisches Jahrbuch. E. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart.
- Barbarand J., Bour I., Pagel M., Quesnel F., Delcambre B., Dupuis C., Yans J., 2018. Post-Paleozoic evolution of the northern Ardenne Massif constrained by apatite fission-track thermochronology and geological data. BSGF – Earth Sciences Bulletin 189, 16. https://doi.org/10.1051/bsgf/2018015
- Beucher R., Brown R.W., Roper S., Stuart F., Persano C., 2013. Natural age dispersion arising from the analysis of broken crystals: Part II. Practical application to apatite (U-Th)/He thermochronometry. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 120, 395–416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2013.05.042
- Bishop P., 2007. Long-term landscape evolution: linking tectonics and surface processes. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 32, 329– 365. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1493
- Boone S.C., Balestrieri M.-L., Kohn B., 2021. Tectono-Thermal Evolution of the Red Sea Rift. Frontiers in Earth Science 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.713448
- Bosworth W., 1985. Geometry of propagating continental rifts. Nature 316, 625–627. https://doi.org/10.1038/316625a0
- Bott M.H.P., 1992. Modelling the loading stresses associated with active continental rift systems. Tectonophysics 215, 99–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(92)90076-I
- BRGM, 2025. Geoservices BRGM: WMS-C Services.
- Briais J., Barbarand J., Lasseur E., Homberg C., Allanic C., Bellahsen N., Carter A., Chateauneuf J.-J., Beccaletto L., Jolivet L., Ourliac C., 2025. Thermal and Tectono-Sedimentary Record of the Upper Rhine Graben (Cretaceous to Oligocene): Oblique Rifting Development Influenced by Pre-Rift Thermicity and Far Field Stress. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5351701
- Brown R.W., Beucher R., Roper S., Persano C., Stuart F., Fitzgerald P., 2013. Natural age dispersion arising from the analysis of broken crystals. Part I: Theoretical basis and implications for the apatite (U-Th)/He thermochronometer. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 122, 478–497. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2013.05.041
- Brune S., Kolawole F., Olive J.-A., Stamps D.S., Buck W.R., Buiter S.J.H., Furman T., Shillington D.J., 2023. Geodynamics of continental rift initiation and evolution. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment 4, 235–253. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-023-00391-3
- Cooperdock E.H.G., Ketcham R.A., Stockli, D.F., 2019. Resolving the effects of 2-D versus 3-D grain measurements on apatite (U-Th) ∕ He age data and reproducibility. Geochronology 1, 17–41. https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-1-17-2019
- Dèzes P., Schmid S.M., Ziegler P.A., 2004. Evolution of the European Cenozoic Rift System: interaction of the Alpine and Pyrenean orogens with their foreland lithosphere. Tectonophysics 389, 1–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2004.06.011
- Dremel F., Robl J., Hergarten S., Villamizar-Escalante N., Friedrichs B., von Hagke C., 2025. Old orogens – young topography: Characterizing styles of late Cenozoic uplift and exhumation in the European Variscan belt. Geomorphology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.110001
- Dresmann H., 2009. Fission-Track analyses in the area of the southern Upper Rhine Graben (Dissertation). Universität Basel, Basel.
- Dresmann H., Keulen N., Timar-Geng Z., Fügenschuh B., Wetzel A., Stünitz H., 2010. The south-western Black Forest and the Upper Rhine Graben Main Border Fault: thermal history and hydrothermal fluid flow. International Journal of Earth Sciences 99, 285–297. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-008-0391-3
- Ehlers T.A., Farley K.A., 2003. Apatite (U-Th)/He thermochronometry: methods and applications to problems in tectonic and surface processes. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1–14.
- Farley K.A., 2002. (U-Th)/He Dating: Techniques, Calibrations, and Applications. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 47, 819–844. https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2002.47.18
- Flowers R.M., Ketcham R.A., Enkelmann E., Gautheron C., Reiners P.W., Metcalf J.R., Danišík M., Stockli D.F., Brown R.W., 2022a. (U-Th)/He chronology: Part 2. Considerations for evaluating, integrating, and interpreting conventional individual aliquot data. GSA Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1130/B36268.1
- Flowers R.M., Ketcham R.A., Shuster D.L., Farley K.A., 2009. Apatite (UTh)/He thermochronometry using a radiation damage accumulation and annealing model. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 73, 2347–2365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2009.01.015
- Flowers R.M., Zeitler P.K., Danišík M., Reiners P.W., Gautheron C., Ketcham R.A., Metcalf J.R., Stockli D.F., Enkelmann E., Brown R.W., 2022b. (U-Th)/He chronology: Part 1. Data, uncertainty, and reporting. GSA Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1130/B36266.1
- Frings K.A., Madritsch H., Villamizar-Escalante N., Kukla P.A., von Hagke, C., 2025. Using the Dispersion of Apatite (U-Th-Sm)/He Single Grain Ages to Unravel the Burial and Exhumation History of the Foreland Basin of the Central Alps. Basin Research 37. https://doi.org/10.1111/bre.70056
- Fuhrmann T., Heck B., Knöpfler A., Masson F., Mayer M., Ulrich P., Westerhaus M., Zippelt K., 2013. Recent surface displacements in the Upper Rhine Graben – Preliminary results from geodetic networks. Tectonophysics 602, 300–315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2012.10.012
- Gallagher K., 2012. Transdimensional inverse thermal history modeling for quantitative thermochronology. Journal of Geophysical Research 117. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JB008825
- Gautheron C., Tassan-Got L., Barbarand J., Pagel M., 2009. Effect of alpha-damage annealing on apatite (U-Th)/He thermochronology. Chemical Geology 266, 157–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.06.001
- Geyer O.F., Gwinner M.P., 1991. Geologie von Baden-Württemberg, 4th ed. ed. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart.
- Giamboni M., Ustaszewski K., Schmid S.M., Schumacher M.E., Wetzel A., 2004a. Plio-Pleistocene transpressional reactivation of Paleozoic and Paleogene structures in the Rhine-Bresse transform zone (northern Switzerland and eastern France). International Journal of Earth Sciences 93, 207–223. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-003-0375-2
- Giamboni M., Wetzel A., Nivière B., Schumacher M., 2004b. Plio-Pleistocene folding in the southern Rhinegraben recorded by the evolution of the drainage network (Sundgau area; northwestern Switzerland and France). Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 97, 17–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00015-004-1112-4
- Granet M., Wilson M., Achauer U., 1995. Imaging a mantle plume beneath the French Massif Central. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 281–296.
- Green P., Duddy I., 2018. Apatite (U-Th-Sm)/He thermochronology on the wrong side of the tracks. Chemical Geology 488, 21–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2018.04.028
- Green P.F., Duddy I.R., Gleadow A.J.W., Tingate P.R., Laslett G.M., 1986. Thermal annealing of fission tracks in apatite. Chemical Geology: Isotope Geoscience section 59, 237–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-9622(86)90074-6
- Grimmer J.C., Ritter J.R.R., Eisbacher G.H., Fielitz W., 2017. The Late Variscan control on the location and asymmetry of the Upper Rhine Graben. International Journal of Earth Sciences 106, 827–853. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-016-1336-x
- Häring M., 2002. Sondierbohrung Otterbach, Basel. Der erste Schritt zur Entwicklung eines geothermischen Heiz-Kraftwerks nach dem Hot-Dry-Rock Verfahren. Bulletin für Angewandte Geologie 19–30.
- Hejl E., Heberer B., Salcher B., Sekyra G., Van den haute P., Leichmann J., 2023. Thermochronological constraints on the post-Variscan exhumation history of the southeastern Bohemian Massif (Waldviertel and Weinsberg Forest, Austria): palaeogeographic and geomorphologic implications. International Journal of Earth Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-023-02294-6
- Hinsken S., Ustaszewski K., Wetzel A., 2007. Graben width controlling syn-rift sedimentation: the Palaeogene southern Upper Rhine Graben as an example. International Journal of Earth Sciences 96, 979–1002. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-006-0162-y
- Illies J.H., 1972. The Rhine graben rift system-plate tectonics and transform faulting. Geophysical Sur veys 1, 27–60. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01449550
- Ketcham R.A., 2019. Fission-Track Annealing: From Geologic Observations to Thermal History Modeling, in: Malusà, M.G., Fitzgerald, P.G. (Eds.), Fission-Track Thermochronology and Its Application to Geology, Springer Textbooks in Earth Sciences, Geography and Environment. Springer International Publishing, Cham, 49–75. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89421-8=%25203
- Ketcham R.A., 2005. Forward and Inverse Modeling of Low-Temperature Thermochronometry Data. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geo-chemistry 58, 275–314. https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2005.58.11
- Ketcham R.A., Gautheron, C., Tassan-Got, L., 2011. Accounting for long alpha-particle stopping distances in (U-Th-Sm)/He geochronology: Refinement of the baseline case. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 75, 7779–7791. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.10.011
- Kettermann M., Weismüller C., von Hagke C., Reicherter K., Urai J.L., 2019. Large near-surface block rotations at normal faults of the Iceland rift: Evolution of tectonic caves and dilatancy. Geology 47, 781–785. https://doi.org/10.1130/G46158.1
- Kley J., Voigt T., 2008. Late Cretaceous intraplate thrusting in central Europe: Effect of Africa-Iberia-Europe convergence, not Alpine collision. Geology 36, 839. https://doi.org/10.1130/G24930A.1
- Knott S.D., Beach A., Brockbank P.J., Lawson Brown J., McCallum J.E., Welbon A.I., 1996. Spatial and mechanical controls on normal fault populations. Journal of Structural Geology 18, 359–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8141(96)80056-3
- Kroner U., Romer R.L., 2013. Two plates – Many subduction zones: The Variscan orogeny reconsidered. Gondwana Research 24, 298–329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2013.03.001
- Link K., 2009. Die thermo-tektonische Entwicklung des Oberrheingraben-Gebietes seit der Kreide (Dissertation). Uni Freiburg, Freiburg i.Br.
- Lupi M., Geiger S., Graham C.M., 2010. Hydrothermal fluid flow within a tectonically active rift-ridge transform junction: Tjörnes Fracture Zone, Iceland. Journal of Geophysical Research 115. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JB006640
- Lutz M., Cleintuar M., 1999. Geological results of a hydrocarbon exploration campaign in the southern Upper Rhine Graben. Bulletin für Angewandte Geologie, 3–80.
- Lysak S.V., 1992. Heat flow variations in continental rifts. Tectonophysics 208, 309–323. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(92)90352-7
- Mancktelow N.S., Grasemann B., 1997. Time-dependent effects of heat advection and topography on cooling histories during erosion. Tectonophysics 270, 167–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(96)00279-X
- Mansour S., Hasebe N., Abdelrahman K., Fnais M.S., Tamura A., 2025. The Gulf of Suez rifting: implications from low-temperature thermochronology. International Geology Review 67, 694–710. https://doi.org/10.1080/00206814.2024.2400695
- Matte P., 2001. The Variscan collage and orogeny (480–290 Ma) and the tectonic definition of the Armorica microplate: a review. Terra Nova 122–128.
- Matte P., 1986. Tectonics and plate tectonics model for the Vari-scan belt of Europe. Tectonophysics 126, 329–374. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(86)90237-4
- McDowell F.W., McIntosh W.C., Farley K.A., 2005. A precise 40Ar-39Ar reference age for the Durango apatite (U-Th)/He and fission-track dating standard. Chemical Geology 214, 249–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.10.002
- Merle O., 2011. A simple continental rift classification. Tectonophysics 513, 88–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2011.10.004
- Miller C.S., Baranyi V., 2021. Triassic Climates, in: Encyclopedia of Geology. Elsevier, 514–524. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409548-9.12070-6
- Neuharth D., Brune S., Wrona T., Glerum A., Braun J., Yuan X., 2022. Evolution of Rift Systems and Their Fault Networks in Response to Surface Processes. Tectonics 41. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021TC007166
- Olivetti V., Balestrieri M.L., Godard V., Bellier O., Gautheron C., Valla P.G., Zattin M., Faccenna, C., Pinna-Jamme R., Manchuel K., 2020. Cretaceous and late Cenozoic uplift of a Variscan Massif: The case of the French Massif Central studied through low-temperature thermochronometry. Lithosphere 12, 133–149. https://doi.org/10.1130/L1142.1
- Piña-Valdés J., Socquet A., Beauval C., Doin M., D’Agostino N., Shen Z., 2022. 3D GNSS Velocity Field Sheds Light on the Deformation Mechanisms in Europe: Effects of the Vertical Crustal Motion on the Distribution of Seismicity. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 127. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JB023451
- Regierungspräsidium Freiburg, 2021. LGRB-Kartenviewer.
- Reiners P.W., 2005. Past, Present, and Future of Thermochronology. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 58, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2005.58.1
- Rohrman M., Van Der Beek P., Andriessen P., 1994. Syn-rift thermal structure and post-rift evolution of the Oslo Rift (southeast Norway): New constraints from fission track thermochronology. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 127, 39–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(94)90196-1
- Rosendahl B.R., 1987. Architecture of Continental Rifts with Special Reference to East Africa. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 15, 4 45–503. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ea.15.050187.002305
- Rotstein Y., Edel J.-B., Gabriel G., Boulanger D., Schaming M., Munschy M., 2006. Insight into the structure of the Upper Rhine Graben and its basement from a new compilation of Bouguer Gravity. Tectono-physics 425, 55–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2006.07.002
- Rotstein Y., Schaming M., 2008. Tectonic implications of faulting styles along a rift margin: The boundary between the Rhine Graben and the Vosges Mountains. Tectonics 27. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007TC002149
- Saspiturry N., Lahfid A., Baudin T., Guillou-Frottier L., Razin P., Issautier B., Le Bayon B., Serrano, O., Lagabrielle Y., Corre B., 2020. Paleogeo-thermal Gradients Across an Inverted Hyperextended Rift System: Example of the Mauléon Fossil Rift (Western Pyrenees). Tectonics 39. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020TC006206
- Schaltegger U., 2000. U-Pb geochronology of the Southern Black Forest Batholith (Central Variscan Belt): timing of exhumation and granite emplacement. International Journal of Earth Sciences 814–828. https://doi.org/10.1007/s005310050308
- Schellschmidt R., Clauser C., 1996. The thermal regime of the Upper Rhine Graben and the Anomaly of Soultz. Zeitschrift für angewandte Geologie 40–44.
- Schumacher M.E., 2002. Upper Rhine Graben: Role of preexisting structures during rift evolution. Tectonics 21, 6-1-6-17. https://doi.org/10.1029/2001TC900022
- Sengör A.M.C., 1976. Collision of irregular continental margins: Implications for foreland deformation of Alpine-type orogens. Geol 4, 779.
- Serpelloni E., Faccenna C., Spada G., Dong D., Williams S.D.P., 2013. Vertical GPS ground motion rates in the Euro-Mediterranean region: New evidence of velocity gradients at different spatial scales along the Nubia-Eurasia plate boundary. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 118, 6003–6024. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JB010102
- Shuster D.L., Farley K.A., Sisterson J.M., Burnett D.S., 2004. Quantifying the diffusion kinetics and spatial distributions of radiogenic 4He in minerals containing proton-induced 3He. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 217, 19–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00594-6
- Shuster D.L., Flowers R.M., Farley K.A., 2006. The influence of natural radiation damage on helium diffusion kinetics in apatite. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 249, 148–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2006.07.028
- Starostenko V.I., Danilenko V.A., Vengrovitch D.B., Kutas R.I., Stovba S.M., Stephenson R.A., Kharitonov O.M., 1999. A new geodynamical-thermal model of rift evolution, with application to the Dnieper-Donets Basin, Ukraine. Tectonophysics 313, 29–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(99)00188-2
- Sternai P., Sue C., Husson L., Serpelloni E., Becker T.W., Willett S.D., Faccenna C., Di Giulio A., Spada G., Jolivet L., Valla P., Petit C., Nocquet J.-M., Walpersdorf A., Castelltort S., 2019. Present-day uplift of the European Alps: Evaluating mechanisms and models of their relative contributions. Earth-Science Reviews 190, 589–604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.01.005
- Stüwe K., White L., Brown R., 1994. The influence of eroding topography on steady-state isotherms. Application to fission track analysis. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 124, 63–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(94)00068-9
- Su P., He H., Tan X., Liu Y., Shi F., Kirby E., 2021. Initiation and Evolution of the Shanxi Rift System in North China: Evidence From Low-Temperature Thermochronology in a Plate Reconstruction Framework. Tectonics 40. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020TC006298
- Timar-Geng Z., 2006. Post-Variscan thermal evolution of the flanks of the southern Upper Rhine Graben: fission-track analyses and thermal modelling (Dissertation). Universität Basel, Basel.
- Timar-Geng Z., Fügenschuh B., Wetzel A., Dresmann H., 2006. Low-temperature thermochronology of the flanks of the southern Upper Rhine Graben. International Journal of Earth Sciences 95, 685–702. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-005-0059-1
- Turab S.A., Stüwe K., Stuart F.M., Cogne N., Chew D.M., Robl J., 2023. A two phase escarpment evolution of the Red Sea margin of southwestern Saudi Arabia. Insights from low-temperature apatite thermochronology. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 603, 117990. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2023.117990
- v. Gessel S., Hintersberger E., v. Ede R., ten Veen J., Doornenbal H., Diepolder G.W., den Dulk M., Hamiti S., Vukzaj N., Çako R., Prendi E., Ceroni M., Mara A., Barros R., Tovar A., Britze P., Baudin T., Stück H., Jähne-Klingberg F., Jahnke C., Höding T., Malz A., Kristjánsdóttir S., Þorbergsson A., Di Manna P., D’Ambrogi C., Congi M., Lazauskien J., Andriuškevičien G., Baliukevičius A., Jarosiński M., Gogolek T., Stępień U., Krzemińska E., Salwa S., Habryn R., Aleksandrowski P., Szynkaruk E., Konieczyńska M., Ressurreição, R., Machado S., Moniz C., Sampaio J., Dias R., Carvalho J., Fernandes J., Ramalho E., Filipe A., Celarc B., Atanackov J., Jamšek Rupnik P., Shevchenko A., Melnyk I., Lapshyna A., 2021. The HIKE European Fault Database (EFDB) compiled in the framework of the GeoERA project HIKE (2018–2021).
- Weissel J.K., Karner G.D., 1989. Flexural uplift of rift flanks due to mechanical unloading of the lithosphere during extension. Journal of Geophysical Research 13919–13950.
- Wetzel A., Allenbach R., Allia V., 2003. Reactivated basement structures affecting the sedimentary facies in a tectonically “quiescent” epicontinental basin: an example from NW Switzerland. Sedimentary Geology 157, 153–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0037-0738(02)00230-0
- Wildman M., Cogné N., Beucher R., 2019. Fission-Track Thermochronology Applied to the Evolution of Passive Continental Margins, in: Malusà, M.G., Fitzgerald, P.G. (Eds.), Fission-Track Thermochronology and Its Application to Geology, Springer Textbooks in Earth Sciences, Geography and Environment. Springer International Publishing, Cham, 351–371.
- Wilson M., Rosenbaum J.M., Dunworth E.A., 1995. Melilitites: partial melts of the thermal boundary layer? Contr. Mineral. and Petrol. 119, 181–196. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00307280
- Wolff R., Dunkl I., Lange J.-M., Tonk C., Voigt T., von Eynatten H., 2015. Superposition of burial and hydrothermal events: post-Variscan thermal evolution of the Erzgebirge, Germany. Terra Nova 27, 292– 299. https://doi.org/10.1111/ter.12159
- Wu L., Shi G., Danišík M., Zhang Z., Wang Y., Wang F., 2019. MK -1 Apatite: A New Potential Reference Material for (U-Th)/He Dating. Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research 43, 301–315. https://doi.org/10.1111/ggr.12258
- Wu L., Wang F., Zhang Z., Shi G., Danišík M., He D., Sun J., Wang Y., Shen X., Zaw T., 2021. Reappraisal of the applicability of MK-1 apatite as a reference standard for (U Th)/He geochronology. Chemical Geology 575, 120255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2021.120255
- Zeh A., Zimmermann M., Albert R., Drüppel K., Gerdes A., 2024. Zircon U-Pb-Hf isotope systematics of southern Black Forest gneiss units (Germany) – Implications for the pre-Variscan evolution of Central Europe. Gondwana Research 128, 351–367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2023.11.008
- Ziegler P.A., 1992. European Cenozoic rift system. Tectonophysics 208, 91–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(92)90338-7
- Ziegler P.A., 1990. Geological Atlas of Western and Central Europe, (2nd and completely rev.). ed. Geological Society Pub. House. Ziegler P.A., Cloetingh S., Van Wees J.-D., 1995. Dynamics of intra-plate compressional deformation: the Alpine foreland and other examples. Tectonophysics 252, 7–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(95)00102-6
- Ziegler P.A., Dèzes P., 2007. Cenozoic uplift of Variscan Massifs in the Alpine foreland: Timing and controlling mechanisms. Global and Planetary Change 237–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2006.12.004
- Ziegler P.A., Schumacher M.E., Dèzes P., van Wees J.-D., Cloetingh S., 2004. Post-Variscan evolution of the lithosphere in the Rhine Graben area: constraints from subsidence modelling. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 223, 289–317. https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.223.01.13
Language: English
Page range: 1 - 19
Submitted on: Nov 9, 2025
Accepted on: Feb 5, 2026
Published on: Mar 17, 2026
Published by: Austrian Geological Society
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year
Related subjects:
© 2026 Fabian Dremel, Nicolas Villamizar-Escalante, Bianca Heberer, Bjarne Friedrichs, Lea Schönleber, Jörg Robl, Christoph von Hagke, published by Austrian Geological Society
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.