Fig. 1.
Distribution of constraints on adherence to food safety practices by LBS processors in Southwest Nigeria (%)
| S/N | Constraints | Very severe | Severe | Not a constraint | Mean | Rank |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Difficult nature of processing locust bean seed | 93.4 | 5.1 | 1.5 | 1.92 | 1st |
| 2. | Inadequate credit facilities to purchase modern processing equipment | 88.3 | 11.7 | 0 | 1.88 | 2nd |
| 3. | Lack of clean water sources | 87.2 | 12.8 | 0.0 | 1.87 | 3rd |
| 4. | Lack of toilet facilities around processing site | 74.5 | 25.5 | 0.0 | 1.74 | 4th |
| 5. | Lack of pipe borne water | 75.9 | 17.5 | 6.6 | 1.69 | 5th |
| 6. | Poor condition of processing equipment and storage facilities | 77.7 | 8.8 | 13.5 | 1.64 | 6th |
| 7. | Proximity of processing site to sewage disposal site and refuse dump | 71.9 | 17.5 | 10.6 | 1.61 | 7th |
| 8. | Lack of institutional support services by extension/public officers | 55.8 | 37.6 | 6.6 | 1.49 | 8th |
| 9. | Lack of disposal facilities | 31.0 | 69.0 | 0 | 1.31 | 9th |
| 10. | Inadequate information on food safety practices | 13.5 | 47.4 | 39.1 | 0.74 | 10th |
| 11. | Cost of labour | 13.1 | 37.2 | 49.6 | 0.64 | 11th |
| 12. | Proximity of marketing outlets to the processing sites | 16.4 | 21.9 | 61.7 | 0.55 | 12th |
PPMC analysis of selected socioeconomic characteristics and food safety practices
| Variables | R | p-value | Decision |
|---|---|---|---|
| Household size | 0.975 | 0.002 | significant |
| Years of processing LBS | 0.245 | 0.001 | significant |
Distribution by socioeconomic characteristics of locust bean seed (LBS) processors in Southwest Nigeria
| Variable | Frequency | Percentage (%) | Mean/SD |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | – | ||
| Female | 272 | 98.2 | |
| Male | 5 | 1.80 | |
| Age | 42.0 ±11.8 years | ||
| < 40 years | 114 | 41.1 | |
| 40–49 years | 72 | 26.0 | |
| 50 years and above | 91 | 32.9 | |
| Years of formal education | 3.7 ±3.6 years | ||
| No formal education | 120 | 43.3 | |
| 1–6 years | 118 | 42.6 | |
| 7–12 years | 39 | 14.1 | |
| Household size | 6.9 ±1.7 persons | ||
| 5–9 persons | 250 | 90.1 | |
| > 9 | 27 | 9.75 | |
| Years of experience | 16.5 ±6.3 years | ||
| > 10–19 years | 173 | 62.4 | |
| 20 years and above | 104 | 37.5 | |
| Frequency of processing LBS | – | ||
| Every other day | 119 | 42.9 | |
| Daily | 122 | 44.1 | |
| Weekly | 36 | 13.0 | |
| Members of social group | – | ||
| Member | 248 | 89.5 | |
| Non-Member | 29 | 10.5 |
Categorization of respondents based on their food safety practices
| Level of food safety practices | Frequency | Percentage (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Safe | 137 | 49.6 |
| Unsafe | 139 | 50.4 |
| Total | 277 | 100 |
Chi-Square analysis of the relationship between selected socioeconomic factors
| Variables | χ2 | Df | p-value | Decision |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marital status | 14.005 | 4 | 0.007* | significant |
| Frequency of processing LBS | 5.308 | 3 | 0.151 | not significant |
| Social group membership | 6.315 | 1 | 0.013* | significant |
Analysis of Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) on the constraints on food safety practices
| Constraints | Coefficients | Standard error | p-value | Decision |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Constant | 0.237 | 0.000 | ||
| Inadequate credit facilities to purchase modern processing equipment | 0.293* | 2.101 | 0.037 | S |
| Lack of toilet facilities around processing site | 0.343 | 5.981 | 0.001 | S |
| Lack of clean water sources | −0.377* | 5.738 | 0.001 | S |
| R = 0.534; R2 = 0.285 | ||||